Cluster of Coronavirus Disease Associated with Fitness Dance Classes, South Korea

Jang, Shin Yi; Han, Si Hyun; Rhee, Jiyoung

doi:10.3201/eid2608.200633

Cited by 250 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…With social situations in mind, in hindsight, it should perhaps not be surprising that droplet and aerosol generation and possible virus transmission are enhanced during rapid and excited speech during parties, singing events, etc. (3,4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speech can produce jet-like transport relevant to asymptomatic spreading of virus

Abkarian

Mendez

Xue

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

200

292

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Many scientific reports document that asymptomatic and presymptomatic individuals contribute to the spread of COVID-19, probably during conversations in social interactions. Droplet emission occurs during speech, yet few studies document the flow to provide the transport mechanism. This lack of understanding prevents informed public health guidance for risk reduction and mitigation strategies, e.g., the “6-foot rule.” Here we analyze flows during breathing and speaking, including phonetic features, using orders-of-magnitude estimates, numerical simulations, and laboratory experiments. We document the spatiotemporal structure of the expelled airflow. Phonetic characteristics of plosive sounds like “P” lead to enhanced directed transport, including jet-like flows that entrain the surrounding air. We highlight three distinct temporal scaling laws for the transport distance of exhaled material including 1) transport over a short distance (<0.5 m) in a fraction of a second, with large angular variations due to the complexity of speech; 2) a longer distance, ∼1 m, where directed transport is driven by individual vortical puffs corresponding to plosive sounds; and 3) a distance out to about 2 m, or even farther, where sequential plosives in a sentence, corresponding effectively to a train of puffs, create conical, jet-like flows. The latter dictates the long-time transport in a conversation. We believe that this work will inform thinking about the role of ventilation, aerosol transport in disease transmission for humans and other animals, and yield a better understanding of linguistic aerodynamics, i.e., aerophonetics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speech can produce jet-like transport relevant to asymptomatic spreading of virus

Abkarian

Mendez

Xue

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

200

292

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…SARS-CoV-2 was detected in surface swabs and air samples, indicating that expiratory breath emissions play an important role in the emission of SARS-CoV-2 into the air [49] . Although this study was occurring in medical site, some relatively unventilated spaces, such as chorale [151] , restaurant [152] , fitness [153] , have also reported the possibility of aerosol transmission. On the outdoor, the SARS-CoV-2 RNA has also been found on particulate matter in northern Italy [42] .…”

Section: Characteristics Of Coronaviruses In Aerosol and Inanimate Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Airborne/aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has played a potentially important role in relatively unventilated spaces [8] , [49] , [150] , [152] , [153] . Based on the mode of viral transmission and survival characteristics in aerosols and surfaces, it can be prevented and inactivated from several approaches.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Coronaviruses In Aerosol and Inanimate Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Where do we stand to oversee the coronaviruses in aqueous and aerosol environment? Characteristics of transmission and possible curb strategies

Zhao

Esteve‐Núñez

Liu

et al. 2021

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…Similarly, women may be reluctant to attend exercise sessions at gyms and sports facilities, where they can be advised by qualified fitness professionals, due to concerns about contracting the virus. While some cases of transmission linked to sport and fitness activities were reported early in the pandemic [ 25 , 26 ], more recent data suggest that since appropriate hygiene and social distancing measures have been implemented, few cases have been reported in gyms and fitness facilities [ 27 ]. Nevertheless, many women may prefer to take a precautionary approach [ 14 ].…”

Section: Challenges and Opportunities Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Encouraging Physical Activity during and after Pregnancy in the COVID-19 Era, and beyond

Atkinson

Vivo

Hayes

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Physical activity is known to decline during pregnancy and the postnatal period, yet physical activity is recommended during this time due to the significant health benefits for mothers and their offspring. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions imposed to reduce infection rates, pregnant and postnatal women have experienced disruption not just to their daily lives but also to their pregnancy healthcare experience and their motherhood journey with their new infant. This has included substantial changes in how, when and why they have engaged with physical activity. While some of these changes undoubtedly increased the challenge of being sufficiently active as a pregnant or postnatal woman, they have also revealed new opportunities to reach and support women and their families. This commentary details these challenges and opportunities, and highlights how researchers and practitioners can, and arguably must, harness these short-term changes for long-term benefit. This includes a call for a fresh focus on how we can engage and support those individuals and groups who are both hardest hit by COVID-19 and have previously been under-represented and under-served by antenatal and postnatal physical activity research and interventions.

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Cluster of Coronavirus Disease Associated with Fitness Dance Classes, South Korea

Cited by 250 publications

References 8 publications

Speech can produce jet-like transport relevant to asymptomatic spreading of virus

Speech can produce jet-like transport relevant to asymptomatic spreading of virus

Where do we stand to oversee the coronaviruses in aqueous and aerosol environment? Characteristics of transmission and possible curb strategies

Encouraging Physical Activity during and after Pregnancy in the COVID-19 Era, and beyond

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