Cluster of human Salmonella Guinea infections: Reported reptile exposures and associated opportunities for infection prevention — Ohio, 2019–2020

Dewart, Courtney; Waltenburg, Michelle A.; Dietrich, Stephen E.; Machesky, Kimberly; Singh, Amber; Brandt, Eric; Fijter, Sietske de

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105530

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…However, human salmonellosis-associated serovars belonging to the subspecies (I) Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica, including Typhimurium, Entertidis, Paratyphi B, Kentucky, and Guinea, have been frequently reported in zoo and pet reptiles [2,4,11,12,14,15]. All of the reptile salmonellae isolated in this study were identified as Salmonella enterica subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…The transfer of reptiles-associated salmonellosis via direct animal contact or fecal droppings have been reported in several studies [6,13,20]. Indirect reptile-associated salmonellosis transmission is also possible during the free-roaming of reptiles in the home, animal kissing, and cage cleaning [15]. In the UK, pet reptiles were reported to cause 27% of the Salmonella cases in children under the age of five [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the UK, pet reptiles were reported to cause 27% of the Salmonella cases in children under the age of five [21]. Salmonella Guinea infections in patients younger than 5 years old in the US were found to be linked to the bearded dragon pet [15]. Approximately 7% of the salmonellosis cases in children in 16 US states (93,000 cases annually) in the period of 1996-1998 occurred through direct or indirect contact with pet reptiles (snakes, turtles, and lizards) [22]; that remains relevant today.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic-resistant salmonellae in pet reptiles in Saudi Arabia

Khan

Almalki

Felemban

et al. 2022

Microbiology Independent Research Journal (MIR Journal)

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We investigated the occurrence rate of antibiotic-resistant salmonellae in exotic pet reptiles in Saudi Arabia. Salmonellae samples were collected from eight different genera of pet reptiles (snakes and lizards). Selective enrichment and selective plating procedures were carried out in order to detect salmonellae. Isolated bacteria were identified using biochemical tests, API 20E strips, and the VITEK compact system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method. Salmonella spp. belonging to subspecies I (Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica) were detected in 29.2% of the samples. All of the detected salmonellae showed multidrug resistance (p<0.001, χ2 ). The results demonstrated that pet reptiles in private households could present health hazards to humans. Therefore, these animals should be carefully handled to avoid infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the occurrence rate of antibiotic-resistant salmonellae in pet reptiles in Saudi Arabia. The detected Salmonella serovars should be subjected to further in-depth molecular analyses in order to understand the overall epidemiology of salmonellosis in Saudi Arabia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic-resistant salmonellae in pet reptiles in Saudi Arabia

Khan

Almalki

Felemban

et al. 2022

Microbiology Independent Research Journal (MIR Journal)

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“…), or by non-animal products (e.g., fresh produce) contaminated by agricultural environments, via soil, irrigation water or manure used as fertilizer [6]. Although rare, some cases of disease caused by direct contact with infected animals or indirect contact with a contaminated environment have been reported [7,8]. A diverse range of reservoirs have been associated with these pathogens, including the gut of healthy farm animals (cattle, swine or poultry) and also wild animals, pets, fish or rodents [9], and, therefore, they are expected to be present in the natural environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Fecal Bacteria and Zoonotic Pathogens in Different Water Bodies: Supporting Water Quality Management

Ferreira

Magalhães

Teixeira

et al. 2022

Water

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Water contaminated with microbiological and chemical constituents can cause a variety of diseases. Water bodies may become contaminated by wild and domestic animal feces, agricultural runoff or sewage, and are often overlooked as a reservoir and source of human infection by pathogenic microorganisms. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence of the zoonotic pathogens, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, in various water bodies located in urban and rural areas in the north of Portugal. Water samples were collected from six sites, including natural and artificial ponds, in two different time periods. Several water quality physicochemical parameters, as well as fecal indicator bacteria, were evaluated. High levels of total coliforms (>1.78 log CFU/100 mL) were detected in all samples, and substantial numbers of Enterococcus (>2.32 log CFU/100 mL) were detected in two ponds located in a city park and in an urban garden. Escherichia coli counts ranged from undetectable to 2.76 log CFU/100 mL. Salmonella spp. was isolated from two sites, the city park and the natural pond, while L. monocytogenes was isolated from three sites: the city garden, the natural pond and the artificial pond, both in the rural area. These data show that artificial and natural ponds are a reservoir of fecal indicator bacteria and enteric and zoonotic pathogens. This may impact the potential risks of human infections by potential contaminants during recreational activities, being important for assessing the water quality for strategic management of these areas.

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Cluster of human Salmonella Guinea infections: Reported reptile exposures and associated opportunities for infection prevention — Ohio, 2019–2020

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Antibiotic-resistant salmonellae in pet reptiles in Saudi Arabia

Antibiotic-resistant salmonellae in pet reptiles in Saudi Arabia

Occurrence of Fecal Bacteria and Zoonotic Pathogens in Different Water Bodies: Supporting Water Quality Management

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