Cluster of proliferating cells in rat vomeronasal sensory epithelium

Inamura, Kouhei; Sakamoto, Harumi; Honda, Namio; Kashiwayanagi, Makoto

doi:10.1097/00001756-200002280-00010

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Finally, the distribution of apoptotic cells, using the TUNEL method, was compared to the distribution of BrdU-labeled cells. Collectively, these data confirm previous reports in hamster, opossum, rat, ferret, and mouse (Ichikawa et al, 1998;Jia and Halpern, 1998;Capello et al, 1999;Weiler et al, 1999a,b;Giacobini et al, 2000;Inamura et al, 2000;Martínez-Marcos et al, 2000a,b) that newly generated cells are abundant in the marginal regions of the epithelium and sparse in the central regions. Newly generated cells at the margins of the epithelium move horizontally very slowly, failing to reach the central portions of the epithelium even after 42 or 60 days (single-and multiple-injection experiments, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Since these cells appeared to move slowly to the center of the epithelium (Barber and Raisman, 1978a), neurogenesis occurred after vomeronasal nerve section (Barber and Raisman, 1978b), and, in mature mice, after growth had stopped (Wilson and Raisman, 1980), it was hypothesized that newly generated cells migrated horizontally (laterally) from the edges to the center of the vomeronasal epithelium to replace apoptotic neurons (Barber and Raisman, 1978b). Using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), neurogenesis has been demonstrated, not only at the margins, but also in the central portions of the vomeronasal epithelium of opossums (Jia and Halpern, 1998;Martínez-Marcos et al, 2000a), rats (Weiler et al, 1999a;Inamura et al, 2000;Martínez-Marcos et al, 2000b), ferrets (Weiler et al, 1999b), hamsters (Ichikawa et al, 1998), and mice (Capello et al, 1999;Giacobini et al, 2000). The newly generated cells found in the central portions of the epithelium have been shown to migrate vertically (baso-apically) and become mature neurons as demonstrated by co-expression of neural markers (Jia and Halpern, 1998;Giacobini et al, 2000;Martínez-Marcos et al, 2000a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurogenesis, migration, and apoptosis in the vomeronasal epithelium of adult mice

et al. 2005

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The location of neurogenesis and the direction of migration of neurons in the adult mouse vomeronasal organ is controversial. Cell division occurs at the center, and particularly, at the edges of the epithelium. Newly generated cells at the center of the epithelium participate in neurogenesis, however, it is unknown to what extent dividing cells at the edges participate in growth, become apoptotic or mature into neurons. Premitotic cells were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in adult mice and animals allowed to survive for different postinjection periods. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method was used to show the distribution of apoptotic cells. The vertical and horizontal position of BrdU-labeled cells was analyzed as a function of postinjection survival time. Vertical and horizontal migration of BrdU-labeled cells were detected. Cells in the central portions of the epithelium migrated vertically to become neurons as demonstrated by co-expression of olfactory marker protein. Cells at the edges migrated horizontally very slowly (less than 10% of the distance from the edge to the center of the epithelium per month), thus indicating that these cells participate in cell renewal exclusively in marginal regions. Neural turnover in the mouse vomeronasal epithelium, therefore appears to occur through a process of vertical migration. Data on the distribution of apoptotic cells indicate that a number of dividing cells throughout the epithelium, but particularly at the edges, die before becoming functional neurons. Accordingly, most dividing cells at the edges probably constitute a reservoir of stem cells dying before differentiation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurogenesis, migration, and apoptosis in the vomeronasal epithelium of adult mice

et al. 2005

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“…These dividing cells migrated slowly from the margins to the center of the VNSE (Barber and Raisman, 1978a). Recently, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation experiments have elucidated that dividing cells are also found in the base of the central regions (Inamura et al, 2000;Weiler et al, 1999a). Martínez-Marcos et al (2000a) administered BrdU to adult rats and sacrificed them at different survival times.…”

Section: Differentiation and Turnover Of Vomeronasal Receptor Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in the neurobiology of the vomeronasal organ

Takami

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

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In many terrestrial tetrapodes, a pair of vomeronasal organs (VNOs), which are chemosensory apparatuses, are situated at the base of the nasal septum in the anterior nasal cavity. The purposes of this review are to summarize comparative neuroanatomy and to introduce recent progress in neurobiological studies of the VNO. Five types of VNOs can be identifiable in terms of anatomical organization; snakes possess the most complex one. Sensory cells in the VNO, vomeronasal receptor neurons (VRNs), are located in its neuroepithelium, vomeronassal sensory epithelium. The VRNs retain the characteristic of epithelial cells in that they are born continuously from progenitor cells. They contain two prominent subcellular structures: microvilli and extraordinarily large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and a few unique glycoconjugates. The VRNs express two types of G-protein -subunits: Gi(alpha2) and Go(alpha) and each of them is coupled with putative pheromone receptors, V1Rs and V2Rs, respectively. Recent physiological and biochemical studies have demonstrated that pheromones depolarize the V1R-Gi(alpha2) and V2R-Go(alpha) VRNs via IP(3)-mediated mechanisms. The VRNs do not show adaptation and are ultrasensitive to putative pheromones. Other than being a chemosensory organ, the VNO and its primordium might play important roles for brain development; hypothalamic neurons that produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone are born in the VNO primordium and a few other neuron-like cells may be born in the VNO primordium and VNO. In human fetuses, anatomical findings strongly suggest that their VNOs contain a neuroepithelium. By contrast, it is unlikely that adult human VNO serves as a chemosensory organ.

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“…Thirty one male 7-week-old Wistar rats and three 2-year-old male rats were injected intraperitoneally with a single dosage of BrdU (10 mg/ml; Sigma B 5002, St. Louis, U.S.A.), a marker of DNA synthesis, at a dose of 50 mg dissolved in mili-Q water from 1 h to 4 weeks before killing. 30) The vomeronasal organ (VNO) of three rats was injured according to Rajendren et al 31) Briefly, under anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium (20 mg/kg), rats were kept in the supine position and the upper jaw was incised. This incision allowed us to see the lower and caudal part of the nasal septum enclosing the VNO.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Dependent Spatial Distribution of Bromodeoxyuridine-Immunoreactive Cells in the Main Olfactory Bulb

Honda

Sakamoto

Inamura

et al. 2009

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Neurogenesis occurs in the peripheral and central olfactory systems throughout life. The neurogenetic process leading to the formation of primary sensory neurons persists into adult life in the olfactory epithelium of mammals.1) The forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ) generates an immense number of neurons, 2) which migrate via the rostral migratory stream to the main olfactory bulb (MOB). Morphological and electrophysiological studies have shown that these cells differentiate into granule cells and periglomerular cells in the MOB and accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), even during adulthood.1-6) Newly generated neurons play important roles in odor discrimination 7) and odor memory. 8)Sexually experienced male rats show increases in levels of testosterone and prolactin after mating.9) The treatment of testosterone propionate in castrated male meadow voles displays a significant increase in the density of proliferated cells in the amygdala.10) The production of neuronal progenitors is stimulated in the SVZ of female mice during pregnancy via the hormone prolactin, 11) suggesting that forebrain olfactory neurogenesis may contribute to reproductive behaviors such as mating and pregnancy in males and females. Pheromonal signals, which are mainly received by the vomeronasal organ (VNO), provide specific information concerning the reproductive state, identity, and social status of different members of the population in a variety of mammals. [12][13][14] Various gonadal functions of females are controlled by pheromones in many vertebrates. Pheromones have been found in saliva, skin gland secretions, and urine. For example, pheromones in the urine excreted from male and female rats induce various changes in gonadal function and endocrine state, including reflex ovulation in the absence of coitus and mounting, 15) and a reduction in the oestrous cycle of female rats from 5 to 4 d, 16) and oestrous synchrony among female rats housed together.17) The VNO exists in many vertebrates for the purpose of receiving pheromones, which in turn affect sexual and social behavior. 18,19) Vomeronasal sensory neurons project to the AOB located on the dorso-caudal surface of the MOB.20) The AOB is an important site, not only for the discrimination of pheromones but also for memories concerning the reproduction. 21)Sexually experienced male rats have been shown to prefer oestrous to dioestrous female urine, while sexually inexperienced males do not exhibit these preferences. 22,23) In a previous study, we have showed that sexual experience in males enhances the transmission of reproductively salient information concerning potential oestrous status to the localized region (lateral and rostral section) of the glomerular layer (GL) of the AOB. 24) In the vomeronasal epithelium, the sensory neurons are continuously replaced with a few proliferating cells throughout life. 20,25,26) The newly-added cells in the AOB of the adult rat and opossum correspond to the neuronal precursors originating from the rostral migratory stream. 26,27) To explore rol...

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Cluster of proliferating cells in rat vomeronasal sensory epithelium

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Neurogenesis, migration, and apoptosis in the vomeronasal epithelium of adult mice

Neurogenesis, migration, and apoptosis in the vomeronasal epithelium of adult mice

Recent progress in the neurobiology of the vomeronasal organ

Age-Dependent Spatial Distribution of Bromodeoxyuridine-Immunoreactive Cells in the Main Olfactory Bulb

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