Clustering heterochromatin: Sir3 promotes telomere clustering independently of silencing in yeast

Ruault, Myriam; Meyer, A. De; Loïodice, Isabelle; Taddei, Angela

doi:10.1083/jcb.201008007

Cited by 68 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…However silencing is not dependent on peripheral localization (Gartenberg et al 2004). Overexpression of Sir3 has the surprising effect of causing telomere delocalization toward the center of the nucleus but silencing is stronger (Ruault et al 2011).…”

Section: Cis-acting Silencer Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating-Type Genes andMATSwitching inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

2012

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Mating type in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is determined by two nonhomologous alleles, MATa and MATa. These sequences encode regulators of the two different haploid mating types and of the diploids formed by their conjugation. Analysis of the MATa1, MATa1, and MATa2 alleles provided one of the earliest models of cell-type specification by transcriptional activators and repressors. Remarkably, homothallic yeast cells can switch their mating type as often as every generation by a highly choreographed, site-specific homologous recombination event that replaces one MAT allele with different DNA sequences encoding the opposite MAT allele. This replacement process involves the participation of two intact but unexpressed copies of mating-type information at the heterochromatic loci, HMLa and HMRa, which are located at opposite ends of the same chromosome-encoding MAT. The study of MAT switching has yielded important insights into the control of cell lineage, the silencing of gene expression, the formation of heterochromatin, and the regulation of accessibility of the donor sequences. Real-time analysis of MAT switching has provided the most detailed description of the molecular events that occur during the homologous recombinational repair of a programmed double-strand chromosome break. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract 33Introduction 34

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Section: Cis-acting Silencer Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating-Type Genes andMATSwitching inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

2012

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“…Such foci, termed SBFs for single bright foci, are rarely seen in wild-type cells but have been observed in some mutants known to perturb telomere anchoring and silencing. 18,19 At present we do not know if the SBFs in PFA4 and RIF1 mutants represent an unusual clustering of telomeric heterochromatin, abnormal enrichment of Sir3 on a single telomere, or whether the Sir3 aggregate is even chromosome-associated. However, earlier studies by the Shore lab demonstrated that Rif1 does indeed regulate the distribution of heterochromatin proteins among various chromosomal target sites, as discussed below.…”

Section: Palmitoylation In the Nucleusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palmitoylation in the nucleus

Fox

Gartenberg²

2012

Nucleus

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“…Kamakaka and colleagues suggested that DNA-repair proteins and DNA homology contribute to long-range interactions between the HM loci (Kirkland and Kamakaka 2013). More generally, interactions between the subtelomeric silent chromatin of different chromosomes are driven by self-association of Sir3 and are independent of DNA homology (Ruault et al 2011;Guidi et al 2015). At high concentrations, pure Sir3 causes nucleosome arrays to condense and aggregate (McBryant et al 2008;Swygert et al 2014).…”

Section: Higher-order Structures Within Silenced Chromosomal Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nuts and Bolts of Transcriptionally Silent Chromatin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2016

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Transcriptional silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurs at several genomic sites including the silent mating-type loci, telomeres, and the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) tandem array. Epigenetic silencing at each of these domains is characterized by the absence of nearly all histone modifications, including most prominently the lack of histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation. In all cases, silencing requires Sir2, a highly-conserved NAD + -dependent histone deacetylase. At locations other than the rDNA, silencing also requires additional Sir proteins, Sir1, Sir3, and Sir4 that together form a repressive heterochromatin-like structure termed silent chromatin. The mechanisms of silent chromatin establishment, maintenance, and inheritance have been investigated extensively over the last 25 years, and these studies have revealed numerous paradigms for transcriptional repression, chromatin organization, and epigenetic gene regulation. Studies of Sir2-dependent silencing at the rDNA have also contributed to understanding the mechanisms for maintaining the stability of repetitive DNA and regulating replicative cell aging. The goal of this comprehensive review is to distill a wide array of biochemical, molecular genetic, cell biological, and genomics studies down to the "nuts and bolts" of silent chromatin and the processes that yield transcriptional silencing.

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Clustering heterochromatin: Sir3 promotes telomere clustering independently of silencing in yeast

Abstract: Arrays of Sir3 binding sites at telomeres are sufficient to promote long-range trans-telomere interactions.

Cited by 68 publications

References 96 publications

Mating-Type Genes andMATSwitching inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Mating-Type Genes andMATSwitching inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Palmitoylation in the nucleus

The Nuts and Bolts of Transcriptionally Silent Chromatin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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