Clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in Asian Indian women

Bhagat, Minakshi; Mukherjee, Sangita; De, Prabir; Goswami, Riddhi; Pal, Shweta; Das, Mithun; Ghosh, Arnab

doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e3181bfac28

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…10,15,17 It is assumed that several underlying physiological mechanisms are involved. Several surveys on CVDs were conducted across the country during the past few decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular disease risk factors in Asian Indian population: A systematic review

Nag

Ghosh

2014

Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research

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118

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a b s t r a c tBackground: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally and are the leading cause of death in India also. Several surveys conducted across the country over the past few decades have shown a rising prevalence of major risk factors for CVD in Asian Indian population. The problem of increasing risk factors for CVD in India is because of lack of surveillance system and lack of proper diagnosis. This study will help to point out the need of research so that some advanced diagnosis system may be developed for proper diagnosis of CVDs and to reduce the growing burden of CVDs in the country. Methods: We did a literature search for the period from 1968 to 2012 using PUBMED search to identify all relevant studies of cardiovascular diseases. Besides PUBMED searching, manual searching has also been done. This article provides a review of current understanding of the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease, particularly, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and related risk factors in Asian Indian population. Results: Hypertension and diabetes are highly prevalent among Asian Indian population, which may explain their high rate of stroke and heart attack in India. The increasing rate of CVD may be explained by the high rates of other risk factors including adverse lipid profile. The etiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is multifactorial and no single factor is an absolute cause. Conclusion: The cardiovascular diseases and its risk factors are increasing with a rapid pace in Asian Indian population. Though the prevalence of CVD risk factors is found higher in urban population, yet it is increasing at an alarming rate in rural population also, which is a serious threatening to the nation. Since majority of the Indians live in rural area, CVD may lead to epidemic proportions. We need health promotion programs and reorientation of primary health care to improve CVD detection in earlier stage and its management.

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“…10,15,17 It is assumed that several underlying physiological mechanisms are involved. Several surveys on CVDs were conducted across the country during the past few decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular disease risk factors in Asian Indian population: A systematic review

Nag

Ghosh

2014

Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research

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118

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“…In this study, female hypertensive population was higher than males. The postmenopausal women are at greater risk of cardiovascular problems in India as well as globally, and this risk increases with age [8]. Estrogen receptor-dependent mechanisms regulating vascular tone include endothelium-independent vasodilatation, increases in nitrous oxide bioavailability, inhibition of growth of vascular smooth muscle cell, inhibition of the vascular renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and endothelin system, and inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Pharmacist Intervention in Screening and Education on Blood Pressure in a Rural Area in Southern India

Rajagopal¹,

Kandasamy²,

Natarajan³

et al. 2016

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: Hypertension (HTN) expends a consequential public health concern on cardiovascular health status and health-care systems in India. The effectuation of the pharmaceutical care program in the health care is an extremely important need to achieve the optimum therapeutic effect. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of pharmacist intervention on patient's blood pressure (BP) level, quality of life (QOL), and knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of hypertensive patients. Methods:A randomized controlled pilot study was carried out for 6 months. The hypertensive patients were randomized into control and intervention group based on age, and both the groups were interviewed using KAP and WHO QOL-BREF questionnaires, screened BP, respectively, at baseline and each follow-up after post counseling section to the intervention group. The effect of pharmacist intervention on QOL and KAP among control and intervention was statistically analyzed by paired t-test using SPSS version 16. Results:The total sample studied was 60, of which 20 (33.33%) were males and 40 (66.67%) were females. In our study, the QOL score for each domain of both intervention and control groups were almost poor (p˃0.05) at baseline and for the intervention group, a highly significant improvement (p<0.001) was observed for all domains in final follow-up. KAP score of intervention group also showed a significant improvement (p<0.001) from baseline to final follow-up. In this study, intervention group showed a significant mean reduction of systolic BP from baseline 150.13±25.670 to final follow-up 145.33±12.914. Conclusion:The results of the study showed a significant improvement in the patient's KAP toward different aspects of HTN and QOL following pharmacist mediated counseling. Involvement of pharmacy practitioners in the management of HTN significantly improves QOL and KAPs.

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“…T2DM removes the normal sex related differences in the prevalence of CHD. Asian Indian women are comparatively worse off than men with regard to many of the risk factors for CHD [2]. Hence the present cross-sectional study was aimed to compare Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) and Framingham Risk Score (FRS) by obesity and lipid abnormality status in women of Asian Indian origin.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Hence the present cross-sectional study was aimed to compare Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) and Framingham Risk Score (FRS) by obesity and lipid abnormality status in women of Asian Indian origin. The study was conducted from and body composition measures, blood pressure measures, metabolic profiles were all collected using standard techniques [2,3]. Participants were considered as underweight when they had body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m 2 , normal with BMI≥18.5 to <23.0 kg/m 2 and overweight when they had BMI≥23 kg/m 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Framingham Risk Score and Indian diabetes risk score by obesity status and lipids abnormality in women of Asian Indian origin: Santiniketan women study

Bhagat

Ghosh

2011

Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke [1]. T2DM removes the normal sex related differences in the prevalence of CHD. Asian Indian women are comparatively worse off than men with regard to many of the risk factors for CHD [2]. Hence the present cross-sectional study was aimed to compare Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) and Framingham Risk Score (FRS) by obesity and lipid abnormality status in women of Asian Indian origin. The study was conducted from and body composition measures, blood pressure measures, metabolic profiles were all collected using standard techniques [2,3]. Participants were considered as underweight when they had body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m 2 , normal with BMI≥18.5 to <23.0 kg/m 2 and overweight when they had BMI≥23 kg/m 2 . Cut off values of central obesity measure and IDRS are given elsewhere [4]. Similarly, FRS of <9 and ≥9 was also used to dichotomize the study population. Atherogenic index (AI) was calculated using the following equation: (Total Cholesterol-High density lipoprotein cholesterol)/ High density lipoprotein cholesterol. The atherogenic index of <3.42 and ≥3.42 (3.42 was equivalent to 85th percentile of AI in the study participants) was used to identify the subjects who were at risk of lipids abnormality.The mean and standard deviation (SD) of age, BMI, waist circumference (WC), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 38.52 . Comparison of IDRS and FRS by obesity (both generalized and central obesity) status revealed that there was significant difference ½# 2 ð2Þ ¼ 23:61 between medium and high risk of IDRS for both generalized (as measured by BMI categories) and central obesity (as measured by WC categories) status. No individual was eventually found in the low IDRS category. Moreover, interestingly, no significant group difference was observed for FRS by obesity (both generalized and central obesity) status. Unlike FRS, a significant group difference ½# 2 ð1Þ ¼ 4:37 for IDRS was also evident by atherogenic index.Unlike FRS, significant group differences (medium vs. high risk category) for IDRS by obesity status and atherogenic index hinted that IDRS can predict cardiovascular and diabetic risk more effectively than FRS in the people of Asian Indian origin. It is noteworthy to mention that in a case-control retrospective study [5], it was also argued that in the Indian population, the Framingham risk prediction protocol fails to identify a large proportion of high risk non-diabetic patients. The simple and cost effective IDRS could thus serve as a tool for a primary care physician or a health worker to identify at risk individuals for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, a more comprehensive risk prediction protocol for Indian population is urgently required to identify at risk individuals in the coming years.

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Clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in Asian Indian women

Abstract: No common underlying physiological variables in premenopausal and postmenopausal women indicate that a single risk axis for clustering of cardiometabolic phenotypes is highly unlikely.

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Cardiovascular disease risk factors in Asian Indian population: A systematic review

Cardiovascular disease risk factors in Asian Indian population: A systematic review

Impact of Pharmacist Intervention in Screening and Education on Blood Pressure in a Rural Area in Southern India

Comparison of Framingham Risk Score and Indian diabetes risk score by obesity status and lipids abnormality in women of Asian Indian origin: Santiniketan women study

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