Clustering of Cases of IDDM 2 to 4 Years after Hepatitis B Immunization is Consistent with Clustering after Infections and Progression to IDDM in Autoantibody Positive Individuals

Classen, John Barthelow

doi:10.2174/1874309900802010001

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The results of this study are consistent with previous studies showing an association between vaccines and type 1 diabetes with relative risks ranging from 1.1 to greater than 2 depending on the vaccine and the time interval [1,2]. The results showed vaccines were associated with an statistically increased risk of type 1 diabetes in 12 of 21 endpoints in the general population, while there were no endpoints that showed vaccines associated with a decreased risk of type 1 diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Further support for causation is derived from the fact that the temporal delay of 24-48 *Address correspondence to this author at the Classen Immunotherapies Inc., 6517 Montrose Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21212, USA; Tel: (410) 377-8526; E-mail: Classen@vaccines.net months between immunization and the rise in the rates of diabetes is consistent with earlier papers showing a two-tofour year delay between mumps infections and increases in type 1 diabetes [8][9][10][11]. A temporal delay of 24-48 months between vaccination and the rise in rates of type 1 diabetes also has been detected with the DTP and other vaccines [2].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Data exists that supports a causal relationship between the hemophilus immunization and type 1 diabetes [1,2]. Causation is supported by a large prospective randomized clinical trial, which demonstrated statistically significant clusters of extra cases of diabetes occurring between 36 to 48 months after immunization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk of Vaccine Induced Diabetes in Children with a Family History of Type 1 Diabetes

Classen¹

2008

TOPEDJ

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Cohort data from Denmark in all children born from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 2000 was analyzed to assess the association between immunization and type 1 diabetes in all Danish children and in a subgroup where children had a sibling with type 1 diabetes. Pediatric vaccines were associated with a statistically significant increased risk of type 1 diabetes in 12 of 21 endpoints in the general population. The rate ratios in children who received at least one dose of a specific vaccine were also elevated in the subgroup and were statistically the same as in the general population. Three doses of the hemophilus vaccine were associated with a rate ratio of 1.23 (1.02<

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Risk of Vaccine Induced Diabetes in Children with a Family History of Type 1 Diabetes

Classen¹

2008

TOPEDJ

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“…The proposed mechanism is that type 1 and type 2 diabetes are polar opposite aberrant responses to immunization and other immune stimulants. Immune stimulation with vaccines causes some with low cortisol activity to develop an autoimmune disease including type 1 diabetes [18,19]. It is known that decreases in cortisol following adrenalectomy leads to increased rates of type 1 diabetes in mice [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased immunization can explain both epidemics. Type 1 diabetes has previously been linked to immunization [18,19,40]. BCG vaccine has been previously associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes [1] and is now associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discontinuation of BCG Vaccination Precedes Significant Drop in Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Children. Role of Inflammation and Cortisol Activity as a Cause of Type 2 Diabetes

Classen¹

2008

TOEJ

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BCG immunization was routinely given to elementary and junior high school students in Japan until it was abruptly discontinued after 2002. Data on the incidence of type 2 diabetes was analyzed to see if there was a change following discontinuation of BCG. The incidence of type 2 diabetes dropped by over 50% in children from Tokyo following discontinuation of BCG immunization, the relative risk reached 2.78 (95% confidence interval 1. 03 -7.480). This drop appears to be more significant given the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in children around the world. The increased secretion of cortisol following immunization is thought to result in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Japanese children produce larger amounts of cortisol following immunization than White children. This increased production of cortisol may explain why Japanese children have a high risk of type 2 diabetes but low risk of type 1 diabetes compared to White children. The proposed mechanism may explain the epidemic of obesity which starts in children under 6 months of age.Keywords: Type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, BCG, vaccine, cortisol, inflammation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSBCG vaccine has been linked to an increased risk of type 1 diabetes [1]. BCG immunization was routinely given to Japanese elementary school children age 6 to 7 and junior high school children age 12 to 13 since prior to 1982. Immunization was discontinued at the end of 2002 [2]. BCG immunization rates were provided by The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, JATA. The incidence of type 2 diabetes in all elementary and all junior high school students in Tokyo Japan has been recorded since 1974 [3][4][5] and verified data has been published through 2004 [5]. Data on the incidence of type 2 diabetes was analyzed to determine if the incidence declined after discontinuation of BCG vaccine. Only incidence data of type 2 diabetes after 1982 was used because the age of BCG immunization changed in 1982 and this may explain the decreased incidence of diabetes prior to this time. Statistics were performed using Epiinfo 2000, CDC, Atlanta GA and a internet based Poisson calculator. A two stratification analysis was performed with one stratification using data from elementary school children and one stratification using data from junior high school students. Both Poisson and the more conservative Mantel-Haensel Weighted Relative Risk calculation was performed and Greenland/Robins Confidence Limits created. The P values with both methods were less than 0.05, with the later being less significant. RESULTSThe results (Table 1) show that BCG immunization was associated with an relative risk of 2.78 (1.03

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Vaccination and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus in active component U.S. Military, 2002–2008

Duderstadt

Rose

Real

et al. 2012

Vaccine

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Clustering of Cases of IDDM 2 to 4 Years after Hepatitis B Immunization is Consistent with Clustering after Infections and Progression to IDDM in Autoantibody Positive Individuals

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Risk of Vaccine Induced Diabetes in Children with a Family History of Type 1 Diabetes

Risk of Vaccine Induced Diabetes in Children with a Family History of Type 1 Diabetes

Discontinuation of BCG Vaccination Precedes Significant Drop in Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Children. Role of Inflammation and Cortisol Activity as a Cause of Type 2 Diabetes

Vaccination and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus in active component U.S. Military, 2002–2008

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