Clustering of ingredients with amino acid composition similar to the nutritional requirement of Nile tilapia

Abstract

The search for balanced diets, which may elicit improved growth of fish, requires appropriate selection of available protein sources. This study aims at clustering feedstuffs according to amino acid profile, determining which ones show essential amino acids (EAA) profiles closer to the ideal dietary amino acids requirements of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and studying the relationship among amino acids feedstuffs groups. Tabled data on EAA more cystine and tyrosine, in relation to lysine contents, of 40 feedstuffs ordinarily used to formulate fish diets were studied. Feedstuffs were grouped according to amino acids profile by cluster analysis of Euclidean distances. The principal components analysis was used to determine the relationship among amino acids in each feedstuff group. Three groups of ingredients were parted and two ingredients, low tannin sorghum and corn gluten meal 60%, did not go with any group. Dietary amino acids requirements of Nile tilapia were similar to the amino acid profile of 22 feedstuffs. The principal component analysis explained with three principal components more than 75% of total variance of amino acids in three feedstuff groups. Therefore, until additional, detailed information on amino acids availability of different ingredients is consolidated, total amino acids profiles will continue to be important information to select and use conventional or surrogate ingredients for formulating and processing feeds for tilapia. Key words: feedstuff, fish, multivariate analysis, nutrition, protein Agrupamento de ingredientes com composição de aminoácidos similar à exigência nutricional da tilápia do NiloRESUMO: A busca de uma ração balanceada, que proporcione maior crescimento aos peixes, passa pela escolha adequada das fontes protéicas disponíveis. Este estudo teve por objetivo agrupar alimentos de acordo com o perfil de aminoácidos essenciais, determinando quais mostram perfis mais próximos do requerimento da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), e estudar a relação entre os aminoácidos dentro dos agrupamentos obtidos. Foram utilizadas composições de aminoácidos em relação ao conteúdo de lisina, de 40 alimentos comumente utilizados como ingredientes na formulação de dietas para peixes. Os ingredientes foram agrupados de acordo com o perfil de aminoácidos utilizando a análise de agrupamento por meio da distância Euclidiana, enquanto a análise de componentes principais foi utilizada para determinar a relação entre os aminoácidos em cada grupo obtido. Três grupos de ingredientes foram formados e apenas dois ingredientes, sorgo baixo tanino e farelo de glúten de milho 60%, não entraram em nenhum dos três grupos. A exigência de aminoácidos da tilápia do Nilo foi semelhante ao perfil de aminoácidos encontrado em 22 alimentos. A análise de componentes principais conseguiu resumir e explicar 75% da variância total com apenas três componentes principais. Até que maiores informações sobre a disponibilidade de aminoácidos de diferentes ingredientes sejam obtidas, o perfil total ...

Optimizing fish meal-free commercial diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

“…Similar to the current study, a number of works have noted that intermediate ratios of 320 ingredient combinations perform better than combinations at either end of the ratio spectrum when replacing fish meal in the diet [e.g., Bicudo et al, 2010;El-Saidy and Gaber, 2003;Lim et al, 2007;Neto & Ostrensky, 2015]. In most cases, it has been postulated that imbalances in essential amino acids may be ameliorated, or minimally defective, at these intermediate ingredient ratios.…”

“…irrespective of ingredient combinations, and diet intact protein level, as long as a reasonable 434 amino acid model is chosen and a fairly robust set of ingredient composition and digestibility of 39 data are available, as suggested by a recent principal component analyses of ingredient amino acid profiles with respect to tilapia ideal protein model (Bicudo et al,2010). The current study also suggests that using the EAA content of a fish meal control diet as targets for optimizing fish 438 meal replacement diets is inadequate; whereas the whole body or muscle amino acid pattern 439 are more useful as formulation targets, including the ratio of NEAA to EAA.…”

Apparent Protein and Energy Digestibility and Amino Acid Availability of Corn and Co‐products in Extruded Diets for Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

“…Deficiencies in EAAs reduce growth and feed efficiency, which increases the environmental impact of intensive aquaculture (Wilson ). Corn and co‐products fed to Nile tilapia are deficient in lysine and threonine (Bicudo et al ); we also observed low threonine availability.…”

Apparent digestibility of soybean coproducts in extruded diets for Nile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus

“…), and histidine and valine in tilapia (Bicudo et al . ). While soybean has antinutritional factors that may reduce the digestibility of energy and nutrients (Francis et al .…”