Clustering phenomena in nuclear matter below the saturation density

Takemoto, Hironori; Fukushima, Masahiro; Chiba, Satoshi; Horiuchi, Hisashi; Akaishi, Yoshinori; Tohsaki, Akihiro

doi:10.1103/physrevc.69.035802

Cited by 35 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Because of the large specific binding energy of the α particle, low-density nuclear matter is predominantly composed of α particles. This observation underlies the concept of α matter and its relevance to diverse nuclear phenomena [107][108][109][110][111]. As exemplified by Eq.…”

Section: Four-particle Condensates and Quartetting In Nuclear Mattermentioning

confidence: 62%

Nuclear Alpha-Particle Condensates

Yamada

Funaki

Horiuchi

et al. 2012

Clusters in Nuclei, Vol.2

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The α-particle condensate in nuclei is a novel state described by a product state of α's, all with their c.o.m. in the lowest 0S orbit. We demonstrate that a typical α-particle condensate is the Hoyle state (E x = 7.65 MeV, 0 + 2 state in 12 C), which plays a crucial role for the synthesis of 12 C in the universe. The influence of antisymmentrization in the Hoyle state on the bosonic character of the α particle is discussed in detail. It is shown to be weak. The bosonic aspects in the Hoyle state, therefore, are predominant. It is conjectured that α-particle condensate states also exist in heavier nα nuclei, like 16 T. Yamada, Y. Funaki, H. Horiuchi, G. Röpke, P. Schuck, and A. Tohsaki particle condensation in finite nuclei to quartetting in symmetric nuclear matter is investigated with the help of an in-medium modified four-nucleon equation. A nonlinear order parameter equation for quartet condensation is derived and solved for α particle condensation in infinite nuclear matter. The strong qualitative difference with the pairing case is pointed out.

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Section: Four-particle Condensates and Quartetting In Nuclear Mattermentioning

confidence: 62%

Nuclear Alpha-Particle Condensates

Yamada

Funaki

Horiuchi

et al. 2012

Clusters in Nuclei, Vol.2

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“…Pairing is not included in our approach because we use the Tamm-Dancoff expression (1−f )(1−f ) instead of the Feynman-Galitsky expression (1 − f − f ) for the Pauli blocking in the Bethe-Salpeter equation (9). Also quartetting [46] is not described, but there are some results which consider the energy as function of density [48]. A related problem arises in nuclear structure [44,49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the α correlations at very low temperature, quartetting [46] is expected. α-like correlations in finite nuclei are also described at very low temperatures with the condensate wave function, for infinite matter see [48]. For instance, as extreme case, we have to describe α matter where the occupation of the phase space is given by the momentum distribution within the α particle, in particular at zero temperature.…”

Section: F Correlated Medium and Effective Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Nuclear matter equation of state including two-, three-, and four-nucleon correlations

Röpke

2015

Phys. Rev. C

129

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Light clusters (mass number A ≤ 4) in nuclear matter at subsaturation densities are described using a quantum statistical approach. In addition to self-energy and Pauli-blocking, effects of continuum correlations are taken into account to calculate the quasiparticle properties and abundances of light elements. Medium-modified quasiparticle properties are important ingredients to derive a nuclear matter equation of state applicable in the entire region of warm dense matter below saturation density. Moreover, the contribution of continuum states to the equation of state is considered. The effect of correlations within the nuclear medium on the quasiparticle energies is estimated. The properties of light clusters and continuum correlations in dense matter are of interest for nuclear structure calculations, heavy ion collisions, and for astrophysical applications such as the formation of neutron stars in core-collapse supernovae.

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“…In fact, the formation of a solid phase using Overhauser orbitals including a triple point [15] or Bose-Einstein condensation [16] has been suggested. However, in this Letter we are concerned with experimental data which probe nuclear matter at considerably higher temperatures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Getting a better handle on nuclear matter at low density

Sobotka¹

2010

Physics

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The symmetry energy of nuclear matter is a fundamental ingredient in the investigation of exotic nuclei, heavy-ion collisions, and astrophysical phenomena. New data from heavy-ion collisions can be used to extract the free symmetry energy and the internal symmetry energy at subsaturation densities and temperatures below 10 MeV. Conventional theoretical calculations of the symmetry energy based on mean-field approaches fail to give the correct low-temperature, low-density limit that is governed by correlations, in particular, by the appearance of bound states. A recently developed quantum-statistical approach that takes the formation of clusters into account predicts symmetry energies that are in very good agreement with the experimental data. A consistent description of the symmetry energy is given that joins the correct low-density limit with quasiparticle approaches valid near the saturation density. The symmetry energy [1] in the nuclear equation of state governs phenomena from the structure of exotic nuclei to astrophysical processes. The structure and the composition of neutron stars depend crucially on the density dependence of the symmetry energy [2]. As a general representation of the symmetry energy coefficient we use the definition E sym ðn; TÞ ¼ Eðn; 1; TÞ þ Eðn; À1; TÞ 2 À Eðn; 0; TÞ; (1) where Eðn; ; TÞ is the energy per nucleon of nuclear matter with density n, temperature T, and asymmetry ¼ ðN À ZÞ=A with Z and N the proton and neutron numbers, and A ¼ N þ Z. At low density the symmetry energy changes mainly because additional binding is gained in symmetric matter due to formation of clusters and pasta structures [3]. Our empirical knowledge of the symmetry energy near the saturation density n 0 is based primarily on the binding energies of nuclei. The Bethe-Weizsäcker mass formula leads to values of about E sym ðn 0 ; 0Þ ¼ 28-34 MeV for the symmetry energy at zero temperature and saturation density n 0 % 0:16 fm À3 , if surface asymmetry effects are properly taken into account [4].In contrast with the value of E sym ðn 0 ; 0Þ, the variation of the symmetry energy with density and temperature is intensely debated. Many theoretical investigations have been performed to estimate the behavior of the symmetry energy as a function of n and T. A recent review is given by Li et al. [5]; see also [6,7]. Typically, quasiparticle approaches such as the Skyrme Hartree-Fock and relativistic meanfield (RMF) models or Dirac-Brueckner Hartree-Fock (DBHF) calculations are used. In such calculations the symmetry energy tends to zero in the low-density limit for uniform matter. However, in accordance with the mass action law, cluster formation dominates the structure of low-density symmetric matter at low temperatures. Therefore, the symmetry energy in this low-temperature limit has to be equal to the binding energy per nucleon associated with the strong interaction of the most bound nuclear cluster. A single-nucleon quasiparticle approach cannot account for such structures. The correct low-density limit can be rec...

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Clustering phenomena in nuclear matter below the saturation density

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Nuclear Alpha-Particle Condensates

Nuclear Alpha-Particle Condensates

Nuclear matter equation of state including two-, three-, and four-nucleon correlations

Getting a better handle on nuclear matter at low density

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