Clusters of C
            <sub>60</sub>
            Molecules

Mendoza, D.; González, Gonzalo; Escudero, R.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(199901)11:1<31::aid-adma31>3.0.co;2-#

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Both size and shape are in agreement with literature reports on aggregates of fullerene clusters. [34][35][36][37] After about 10 h, no further increase of the cluster height is detectable. Nevertheless, focusing only on the region of the three largest clusters, it is evident how the clusters go on expanding in the plane of the film surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of C₆₀ Barrier Layer in Improving the Performances of Efficient Polymer-Based Photovoltaic Devices: An AFM/EDXR Time-Resolved Study

et al. 2009

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Here, we report an in situ study of the effect of morphological/structural aging processes on polymer-based photovoltaic cell performances. The devices were provided with a fullerene film as a barrier layer between the active element and the metallic cathode. The experimental method adopted consists of the joint use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and energy dispersive X-ray reflectivity (EDXR), an original coupling particularly effective in the study of stratified media. These techniques were applied first to the intermediate stages of the device construction and, finally, to a complete cell. The problems related with the surface/interface modifications of the devices elements in operating conditions were investigated in depth, with particular concern on the role of the C60 barrier layer. The C60 film surface topography was monitored by AFM experiments during illumination, which evidenced a surface reorganization of the C60 layer molecules over time. Conversely, the C60 film bulk and its interface with the active layer, investigated by EDXR analysis in the same conditions, turned out to remain unchanged. Then the cathode buried interface of a complete cell was studied, by EDXR measurements in working conditions, thus demonstrating that the C60 layer guarantees a good structural stability of the cell. In addition, the in situ AFM/EDXR characterization established that the observed reorganization process of the C60 layer molecules does not affect the film physical barrier role. This finding was confirmed by power conversion efficiency measurements, showing that the C60/LiF/Al cathode cell efficiency is preserved over time. This work also demonstrates how the morphological properties of organic device layered components, investigated in situ by the two noninvasive and independent AFM and EDXR techniques, may provide a structural interpretation of the performance preservation or fading.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of C₆₀ Barrier Layer in Improving the Performances of Efficient Polymer-Based Photovoltaic Devices: An AFM/EDXR Time-Resolved Study

et al. 2009

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“…TEM. Transmission electron microscopy is a reliable technique for determining the topography of micellar structure in solution and to demonstrate the aggregation of C 60 or C 60 derivatives. − The aggregation of C 60 -end-capped PEOs in THF and water was examined by TEM using dried samples obtained from dilute solutions. Figure a−c show the TEM micrographs of FPEO2, FPEO5F, and FPEO20F aggregates in THF.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation Behavior of C₆₀-End-Capped Poly(ethylene oxide)s

et al. 2003

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Single- and double-C60-end-capped poly(ethylene oxide)s (PEOs) were prepared by reacting azido-terminated PEO with C60. The aggregation behavior of these polymers in THF and water was studied by gel permeation chromatography, static and dynamic laser light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. The solvent polarity, the amount of C60, and the length of PEO segments significantly affect the conformation and the size distribution of aggregates or clusters. The aggregation number of single-C60-end-capped PEO exceeds 104, far larger than nonionic surfactants consisting of PEOs end-capped with paraffinic chains due to the stronger hydrophobic character of C60. Single-C60-end-capped PEO forms much larger aggregates than those of double-end-capped PEOs, possibly due to the relatively higher mobility of the former polymer. The PEO chain length of the double-C60-end-capped PEO controls the aggregate conformation and particle size distribution. It is believed that large aggregation complex comprises several smaller identical aggregates in THF solutions.

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“…10 The small diameter of B1 nm that characterizes fullerene NP, their monodispersity and hydrophobicity mostly drive the NP into close packed structures while ncp morphologies are hard to obtain. 11,12 Here we show that non-adsorbing block-copolymers may be used for inducing the assembly of two-dimensional (2-D) ncp arrays of fullerenes at the water-air interface. In our experiments a polymer-NP mixture is prepared in a volatile organic solvent which dissolves both the NP and the polymer, and the organic solution is spread 13 at the water surface.…”

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confidence: 87%

Polymer mediated assembly of fullerenes into non-closed packed two-dimensional arrays

Eliyahu

Yerushalmi‐Rozen

2010

Chem. Commun.

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Clusters of C ₆₀ Molecules

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

The Role of C₆₀ Barrier Layer in Improving the Performances of Efficient Polymer-Based Photovoltaic Devices: An AFM/EDXR Time-Resolved Study

The Role of C₆₀ Barrier Layer in Improving the Performances of Efficient Polymer-Based Photovoltaic Devices: An AFM/EDXR Time-Resolved Study

Aggregation Behavior of C₆₀-End-Capped Poly(ethylene oxide)s

Polymer mediated assembly of fullerenes into non-closed packed two-dimensional arrays

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Clusters of C 60 Molecules

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

The Role of C60 Barrier Layer in Improving the Performances of Efficient Polymer-Based Photovoltaic Devices: An AFM/EDXR Time-Resolved Study

The Role of C60 Barrier Layer in Improving the Performances of Efficient Polymer-Based Photovoltaic Devices: An AFM/EDXR Time-Resolved Study

Aggregation Behavior of C60-End-Capped Poly(ethylene oxide)s

Polymer mediated assembly of fullerenes into non-closed packed two-dimensional arrays

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Product

Resources

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Clusters of C ₆₀ Molecules

The Role of C₆₀ Barrier Layer in Improving the Performances of Efficient Polymer-Based Photovoltaic Devices: An AFM/EDXR Time-Resolved Study

The Role of C₆₀ Barrier Layer in Improving the Performances of Efficient Polymer-Based Photovoltaic Devices: An AFM/EDXR Time-Resolved Study

Aggregation Behavior of C₆₀-End-Capped Poly(ethylene oxide)s