Clutch formation and nest activities by the setting hen synchronize chick emergence with intestinal development to foster viability

Moran, E. T.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.09.015

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…The first few days after hatch sees a dramatic change in the nutrition of the chicken, with highly digestible, egg‐derived nutrient supply being replaced by dietary ingredients of a much more variable nutritive value. 4 In response, there are significant changes in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as the dietary ingredients encountered demand the production of an array of digestive enzymes previously not required (e.g. amylases, alpha limit dextranases, maltase) coupled with a significant increase in the absorptive surface area of the small intestine.…”

Section: Age – Influence On Intestinal Development and Nutrient Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is governed by what species dominate at the hatchery, during handling and transit to the shed for rearing, in the shed itself, the water and feed offered, and the status of the immune system which responds to a multitude of environmental and nutrient stressor inputs. 4 The nutrients which fuel the growth in population and diversity of the microbiota in the distal intestine are comprised of those that the host has failed to digest and absorb itself. Thus, perturbation of digestion of the host has consequences for the development of the microbiota.…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Establishment Development And Identi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of feed enzymes in maintaining poultry intestinal health

Bedford

Apajalahti

2021

J Sci Food Agric

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Gut health or intestinal health is frequently discussed without any clear definition as to its meaning. It is suggested that this should be defined as intestinal integrity and functionality as both are a pre-requisite for the health of the intestine itself and the host. The health of the intestine is dependent upon a successful evolution of the absorptive capacity of the intestine, which in turn is influenced by the co-evolution of the intestinal immune systems and the microbiota. Nutrient supply plays a significant role in this process and from the perspective of the microbiota this changes with age as the intestines and upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota become more effective in nutrient removal. Feed enzymes play a significant role in this process. Phytases can improve digestion of minerals, amino acids and energy and as a result reduce the availability of nutrients in the lower intestines for the microbiota. Protease can have a similar effect with amino acid supply. Non-starch polysaccharidases (NSPases) have a unique role in that they not only improve diet digestibility from the hosts perspective, thus limiting nutrient supply to the microbiota, but they also release soluble fragments of fibre from the insoluble matrix and/or depolymerize high molecular weight viscous fibre fractions in to smaller, more fermentable carbohydrate fractions. This results in a more favourable balance between fermentable carbohydrate to protein supply, a ratio which is deemed critical to maintaining good intestinal health. The dynamic nature of this complex evolution needs greater consideration if antibiotic free production is to succeed.

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Section: Age – Influence On Intestinal Development and Nutrient Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Influencing the Establishment Development And Identi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of feed enzymes in maintaining poultry intestinal health

Bedford

Apajalahti

2021

J Sci Food Agric

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“…Because of the hatching window, the broody hen is simultaneously responsible for her early hatched chicks while awaiting the arrival of the late chicks, still in their eggshells. Therefore the hen and her clutch have to stay in the nest until the clutch is completed (Moran, 2019). During this time, the mother's life is made easier by the chicks being hatched with a yolk sac embedded in their bellies.…”

Section: Early Chick Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A flying start : Adapted hatching and post-hatch feeding in broiler chickens

Boyner¹

2023

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae

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Conventional hatching practices do not involve provision of feed and water to broiler chickens before placement at the rearing farm. This can pose problems, especially for early hatchlings, which remain feed-restricted for a considerable period due to biological variation in hatch time. The individual requirements of modern fast-growing chickens in order to remain robust and resilient may have changed in recent decades. This thesis studied the effect of hatching time on interval to first feed intake, growth and organ development in chicks hatched on-farm. It also examined the effects of providing hatching chicks with access to feed and water in the hatcher, combined with two different probiotics, on productivity, organ development, immune traits and development of caecal microbiota. Physiological differences between chicks hatched at different times during the hatching window generally levelled out during the production period. Eating-related activities were low immediately post-hatch, and early hatchlings showed compensatory growth as they were lightest at hatch but heaviest at three days of age. Feed deprivation during hatch resulted in depressed feed intake and associated depressed growth, which in some cases was reversed during the growing phase. Supplementation with probiotics had some negative effects on productivity, especially for chicks deprived of feed and water at hatch. There were no long-term differences due to early feeding on microbiota development or immune traits measured. These results suggest that modern broiler chickens are at least partly capable of compensating for setbacks in early life, and that some early effects of feed and water deprivation are transient. However, the studies in this thesis were performed in highly sanitary conditions and at lower stocking densities than in commercial production. Further research is needed to confirm the effects of adapted hatching and post-hatch feeding strategies in conditions that resemble more closely the challenges faced by the modern broiler.

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Poultry and Swine Gastrointestinal Systems Functionally Differ to Influence Feedstuff Digestion and Responses to Supplemental Enzymes

Moran¹

2022

Enzymes in Farm Animal Nutrition

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Clutch formation and nest activities by the setting hen synchronize chick emergence with intestinal development to foster viability

Cited by 3 publications

References 149 publications

The role of feed enzymes in maintaining poultry intestinal health

The role of feed enzymes in maintaining poultry intestinal health

A flying start : Adapted hatching and post-hatch feeding in broiler chickens

Poultry and Swine Gastrointestinal Systems Functionally Differ to Influence Feedstuff Digestion and Responses to Supplemental Enzymes

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