Clutter perception is invariant to image size

Zelinsky, Gregory J.; Yu, Chen-Ping

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2015.04.017

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Without defining objects, researchers have sought to update saliency models with other higher-level features. For instance, proto-objects can be used as the unit of selection [57,58,59,60,61]. Although the definitions vary across studies, there is a general consensus that proto-objects are defined as fragments of a feature-similar visual space or are pre-attentive structures with limited spatial and temporal coherence.…”

Section: Where You Lookmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing Landscape: High-Level Influences on Eye Movement Guidance in Scenes

Williams

Castelhano

2019

Vision

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The use of eye movements to explore scene processing has exploded over the last decade. Eye movements provide distinct advantages when examining scene processing because they are both fast and spatially measurable. By using eye movements, researchers have investigated many questions about scene processing. Our review will focus on research performed in the last decade examining: (1) attention and eye movements; (2) where you look; (3) influence of task; (4) memory and scene representations; and (5) dynamic scenes and eye movements. Although typically addressed as separate issues, we argue that these distinctions are now holding back research progress. Instead, it is time to examine the intersections of these seemingly separate influences and examine the intersectionality of how these influences interact to more completely understand what eye movements can tell us about scene processing.

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Section: Where You Lookmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing Landscape: High-Level Influences on Eye Movement Guidance in Scenes

Williams

Castelhano

2019

Vision

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“…However, differences in the number of proto‐objects could impact the results and lead to replication failures. Even if the identical objects are used across studies, differences in the resolution of images (i.e., fewer pixels) could, conceivably, negatively impact the extraction of proto‐objects (but see, Zelinsky & Yu, 2015). As well, objects that result in a smaller visual angle may make proto‐object extraction more difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are all real‐world objects created equal? Estimating the “set‐size” of the search target in visual working memory

2022

Self Cite

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Are all real-world objects created equal? Visual search difficulty increases with the number of targets and as target-related visual working memory (VWM) load increases. Our goal was to investigate the load imposed by individual real-world objects held in VWM in the context of search. Measures of visual clutter attempt to quantify real-world set-size in the context of scenes. We applied one of these measures, the number of proto-objects, to individual real-world objects and used contralateral delay activity (CDA) to measure the resulting VWM load. The current study presented a real-world object as a target cue, followed by a delay where CDA was measured. This was followed by a four-object search array. We compared CDA and later search performance from target cues containing a high or low number of proto-objects. High proto-object target cues resulted in greater CDA, longer search RTs, target dwell times, and reduced search guidance, relative to low proto-object targets. These findings demonstrate that targets with more proto-objects result in a higher VWM load and reduced search performance. This shows that the number of proto-objects contained within individual objects produce set-size like effects in VWM and suggests proto-objects may be a viable unit of measure of real-world VWM load. Importantly, this demonstrates that not all real-world objects are created equal.

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“…Other studies on clutter have removed this confound and ensured a fixed viewing distance by using a chin rest (Yeh et al, 2012;Adamo et al, 2015). However, this may not be necessary when other research has concluded that clutter perception is invariant to image size, but dependent on the content (Zelinsky and Yu, 2015). Furthermore, as the experiment was conducted virtually, it was unknown whether participants varied in terms of factors that may affect their memory such as: their mood; the time of day the experiment was completed; distractions that were present; and alcohol or drug consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Too Many Dull Words Exceed the Limits of Visual Perception: The Effects of Clutter and Colour on Learning

Foulds

2020

Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age (CELDA 2020)

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When too much visual stimuli is present, the phenomenon of clutter is known to degrade an individual's perception across a variety of domains, ranging from completing search tasks incorrectly, to decreasing reading speed when letters are too close together. However, research is lacking as to whether the negative effects of clutter impact learning when too many words are visible at any one given time. Furthermore, colour has been implicated in affecting clutter. Thus, the present study created a recognition experiment whereby 42 participants had to learn target words that were presented in black or red font and positioned amongst no clutter, clutter words (distractor words surrounded the target), and clutter non-words (sequence of random letters surrounded the target). Results found that words learned in isolation were identified faster and significantly more accurately than words learned in both forms of clutter. Although red target words did not eliminate the negative effects of clutter, red words did show a trend towards higher accuracy of recognition compared to black words. These results would appear to be explained by existing clutter theories that state the limits of attentional resources and short-term memory cannot process excess visual stimuli. These findings have real-world implications for establishing optimal reading formats to improve learning.

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Clutter perception is invariant to image size

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

The Changing Landscape: High-Level Influences on Eye Movement Guidance in Scenes

The Changing Landscape: High-Level Influences on Eye Movement Guidance in Scenes

Are all real‐world objects created equal? Estimating the “set‐size” of the search target in visual working memory

Too Many Dull Words Exceed the Limits of Visual Perception: The Effects of Clutter and Colour on Learning

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