The so-called 'Sydney School of Coordination Chemistry' has had an immense, even definitive, influence on Australian inorganic chemistry. Australian coordination chemists have been at the forefront of developments in the area and the international influence of many of the key figures (eg. Dwyer and Nyholm) has been widely acknowledged.The founders of the 'School' were E.E. Turner, an Englishman who briefly held an appointment at the University of Sydney ( 1 9 1 9-1 92 1 ) and George Joseph Burrows, who after Turner's return to England influenced colleagues and research students toward careers in coordination chemistry. The scientific backgrounds of the founders and the state of inorganic chemistry at the time of foundation have been considered in detail. World War I significantly changed university education and the attitude of governments to scientific research. The timing of these influences ensured that the new foundation would become firmly established.