CML8, an Arabidopsis Calmodulin-Like Protein, Plays a Role in<i>Pseudomonas syringae</i>Plant Immunity

Zhu, Xiaoyang; Robe, Eugénie; Jomat, Lucile; Aldon, Didier; Mazars, Christian; Galaud, Jean‐Philippe

doi:10.1093/pcp/pcw189

Cited by 46 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…8 In 2017, we reported that the ectopic CML8 expression (P35S:: cds CML8) confers to transgenic plants a better resistance to a virulent phytopathogenic bacteria (P. syringae pv tomato, Pst) compared with wild type (Col8) or the cml8 knock-down and knockout lines. 9 Collectively, our results support the idea that CML8 acts as a positive regulator of plant immunity. To better understand the molecular processes related to CML8, we used Pst strains unable to inject effectors into the plant host cells or deficient for some effectors known to target the salicylic acid (SA) defense pathway.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…11 The involvement of CML8 was also evaluated in response to abiotic stress treatments but in this case, we showed that CML8 does not act as a main regulator of plant responses to salinity. 9 Thus, these functional analyses clearly indicate that 2 closely related CMLs (Fig. 1A) might participate to distinct signaling pathways as positive regulators of plant defense and act as a negative regulator (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…10 CML8 positively regulates P. syringae defense responses but, contrary to CML9, CML8 could be involved in effector triggered susceptibility (ETS) through a SA dependent pathway. 9 Moreover, CML8 do not act as a key actor in salt stress responses. 9 so far for CMLs but to our knowledge, only a single study was performed to identify CML interacting proteins using a systematic approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Moreover, CML8 do not act as a key actor in salt stress responses. 9 so far for CMLs but to our knowledge, only a single study was performed to identify CML interacting proteins using a systematic approach. 18 Current data obtained clearly show that the emergent CML's target repertoire is more extensive than previously predicted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respective contribution of CML8 and CML9, two arabidopsis calmodulin-like proteins, to plant stress responses

Zhu

Perez

Aldon

et al. 2017

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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In their natural environment, plants have to continuously face constraints such as biotic and abiotic stresses. To achieve their life cycle, plants have to perceive and interpret the nature, but also the strength of environmental stimuli to activate appropriate physiological responses. Nowadays, it is well established that signaling pathways are crucial steps in the implementation of rapid and efficient plant responses such as genetic reprogramming. It is also reported that rapid raises in calcium (Ca 2C ) levels within plant cells participate in these early signaling steps and are essential to coordinate adaptive responses. However, to be informative, calcium increases need to be decoded and relayed by calcium-binding proteins also referred as calcium sensors to carry-out the appropriate responses. In a recent study, we showed that CML8, an Arabidopsis calcium sensor belonging to the calmodulin-like (CML) protein family, promotes plant immunity against the phytopathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (strain DC3000). Interestingly, other CML proteins such as CML9 were also reported to contribute to plant immunity using the same pathosystem. In this addendum, we propose to discuss about the specific contribution of these 2 CMLs in stress responses. KEYWORDSArabidopsis thaliana; biotic and abiotic stress responses; calmodulin-like protein; calcium sensor; pseudomonas syringaeIt is now well documented that most of external biotic and abiotic stimuli induce a rapid increase in free calcium levels within plant cells. 1 Calcium is considered as an ubiquitous and versatile second messenger. Indeed, calcium variations are at the heart of sophisticated signaling networks, integrating information from a diverse range of developmental cues and environmental challenges that ultimately will impact gene expression and cell physiology. 2 Interestingly, these variations can harbour stimulusspecific properties 3 and according to the nature and strength of the stimuli, calcium variations display differences in frequencies, amplitudes, cellular localization and they were defined as «Ca 2C signature». 4 These Ca 2C signatures have been proven to encode a first layer of response specificity through their spatio-temporal properties. 3,5 A second layer of specificity is brought by the decoding processes requiring calcium-binding proteins also referred as calcium sensors and their downstream targets. Ca 2C sensors are characterized by the presence in their sequence of the canonical Ca 2C -binding motif called EF-hand. 6 The Arabidopsis genome encodes at least 250 EF-hand proteins, which is much higher than in mammals, arguing for higher importance of this class of proteins in plants. 7 These Ca 2C sensors are classified into 4 major groups, the calcineurin-B like, the calciumdependent kinases, the calmodulin group and a closely related group, the CalModulin-Like protein (CML) family, which is specific to plants. 8 In 2017, we reported that the ectopic CML8 expression (P35S:: cds CML8) confers to transgenic plants a ...

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respective contribution of CML8 and CML9, two arabidopsis calmodulin-like proteins, to plant stress responses

Zhu

Perez

Aldon

et al. 2017

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…Through the change of cytosolic Ca 2+ signals, CMLs bind to target proteins and alter their activities, which subsequently affects physiological responses to a great deal of target stimuli received by plant cells (McCormack and Braam, 2003; Yang and Poovaiah, 2003). The number of CMLs in land plants reflects the alterations of gene expression in response to various environmental cues (Boonburapong and Buaboocha, 2007; Park et al, 2010; Ruge et al, 2016; Zhu et al, 2016). CML4/5-like proteins play a potential role in vesicle transport within the plant endomembrane system (Ruge et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification and Analyses of Calmodulins and Calmodulin-like Proteins in Lotus japonicas

et al. 2017

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L. japonicus, a model plant of legumes plants, is widely used in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. A large number of studies on it have been published based on the genetic, biochemical, structural studies. These results are secondhand reports that CaM is a key regulator during Rhizobial infection. In plants, there are multiple CaM genes encoding several CaM isoforms with only minor amino acid differences. Moreover, the regulation mechanism of this family of proteins during rhizobia infection is still unclear. In the current study, a family of genes encoding CaMs and CMLs that possess only the Ca2+-binding EF-hand motifs were analyzed. Using ML and BI tree based on amino acid sequence similarity, seven loci defined as CaMs and 19 CMLs, with at least 23% identity to CaM, were identified. The phylogenetics, gene structures, EF hand motif organization, and expression characteristics were evaluated. Seven CaM genes, encoding only 4 isoforms, were found in L. japonicus. According to qRT-PCR, four LjCaM isoforms are involved in different rhizobia infection stages. LjCaM1 might be involved in the early rhizobia infection epidermal cells stage. Furthermore, additional structural differences and expression behaviors indicated that LjCMLs may have different potential functions from LjCaMs.

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The Ca2+ sensor proteins CML37 and CML42 antagonistically regulate plant stress responses by altering phytohormone signals

et al. 2021

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Key message Calmodulin-like-proteins (CML) belong to a family of calcium-sensing proteins that are unique for plants and involved in many different developmental and stress-related reactions. In defense against herbivory, some pathogens and drought, CML37 acts as a positive and CML42 as a negative regulator, respectively. We provide evidence that both CMLs act antagonistically in the regulation of induced defense responses. A double knock-out line, cml37 x cml42, thus shows wild-type phenotypes upon all kind of stresses we used. Abstract A transient increase in the cytosolic calcium concentration is one of the first reactions that can be measured in plant cells upon abiotic as well as biotic stress treatments. These calcium signals are sensed by calcium binding proteins such as calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), which transduce the sensed information into appropriate stress responses by interacting with downstream target proteins. In previous studies, CML37 has been shown to positively regulate the plants’ defense against both the insect herbivore Spodoptera littoralis and the response to drought stress. In contrast, CML42 is known to negatively regulate those two stress responses. Here, we provide evidence that these two CMLs act antagonistically in the regulation of induced responses directed against drought and herbivory stress as well as in the defense against the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. Both CMLs shape the plant reactions by altering the phytohormone signaling. Consequently, the phytohormone-regulated production of defensive compounds like glucosinolates is also antagonistically mediated by both CMLs. The finding that CML37 and CML42 have antagonistic roles in diverse stress-related responses suggests that these calcium sensor proteins represent important tools for the plant to balance and fine-tune the signaling and downstream reactions upon environmental stress.

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CML8, an Arabidopsis Calmodulin-Like Protein, Plays a Role inPseudomonas syringaePlant Immunity

Cited by 46 publications

References 58 publications

Respective contribution of CML8 and CML9, two arabidopsis calmodulin-like proteins, to plant stress responses

Respective contribution of CML8 and CML9, two arabidopsis calmodulin-like proteins, to plant stress responses

Genome-Wide Identification and Analyses of Calmodulins and Calmodulin-like Proteins in Lotus japonicas

The Ca2+ sensor proteins CML37 and CML42 antagonistically regulate plant stress responses by altering phytohormone signals

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