CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS): New ‘eyes’ for science

Turchetta, R.; Allport, P. P.; Casse, G.; Crooks, J.; Evans, A. O.; Fant, A.; Faruqi, A.R.; French, M.; Henderson, Robert K.; Morrissey, Q.; Prior, David; Prydderch, M.; Velthuis, J. J.; Villani, G.; Waltham, N.; Willmore, Ben D. B.; Willmore, P.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2005.11.241

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For CCDs, the column parallel approach attempts to achieve 50 MHz clock rates with individual amplifiers on each column for faster frame readout. The ISIS CCD and FAPS and CAPS CMOS MAPS devices sample charge in time segments, either in the silicon bulk for ISIS, or on external capacitors for the FAPS and CAPS devices [4] [5]. The Fermilab SOI and 3D devices [6], and the Chronopixel [7] concept, utilize the fact that the per pixel occupancy is small during a train to store a data driven time stamp in the pixel for each hit.…”

Section: Time Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ILC: Thoughts, Issues and R&D

Lipton¹

2008

Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(Vertex 2007)

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There appears to be a bewildering variety of vertex detector technologies being developed for the ILC. The technologies aim to meet the stringent goals of low mass, precise resolution, and good time resolution. We describe some of the design goals required by the physics, detector constraints imposed by the machine, and how various candidate technologies address these problems. Physics RequirementsThe ILC is intended to perform precise measurements of new particles produced with the low cross sections characteristic of high energy e + e − collisions. Figure 1 shows cross sections and event yields for a 500 −1 f b data sample for various established and hypothetical processes. Cross sections are low, typical event yields for supersymmetric particles are a few thousand per channel. The angular distributions due to s-channel spin 1 exchange are forward peaked, putting a premium on good coverage of the forward direction.Although the range of new physics to be studied at the ILC is not yet clear, there are a few flagship measurements which can drive detector design. One example is the set of measurements of Higgs couplings to quarks and bosons. These measurements, which will span more than two orders of magnitude in mass and coupling strength, require excellent separation of b, c, and light quark vertices. A related measurement is the self-coupling of the Higgs. Here the signal reaction, e + e − → Z 0 H 0 H 0 → qqbbbb with four b-jets must be separated from backgrounds like tt → bbcscs, ZZZ, and ZZH. This physics requires efficient B tagging and excellent b/c separation in complex events. Different constraints on the vertex detector come from measurements like heavy quark forward-backward asymmetry. Here the emphasis is on forward tracking with flavor tagging and determination of the charge of the parent b quark. Whether the ultimate focus is on Higgs, supersymmetry, or other new physics phenomena, it is likely that precise measurements of heavy quark jets and their decay vertices will play a crucial role [1] in ILC physics. Detector Goals.The relatively low event yield motivates a design that optimizes the vertex information for each event. This has to be done within the constraints imposed by beam backgrounds, ILC bunch structure and integration with other components of the detector. The successful SLC CCD-based VXD3 vertex detector, with < 5µ resolution and 0.4% radiation length per layer [2], provides a basis for extrapolating performance of thin, finely pixelated detectors to the ILC.An set of goals has been formulated taking these opportunities and constraints into account:• Good angular coverage with many layers close to the interaction point

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Section: Time Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ILC: Thoughts, Issues and R&D

Lipton¹

2008

Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(Vertex 2007)

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“…In addition, shrinking transistor sizes means that more functionality can be built into the pixel, i.e. in-pixel analogue-to-digital conversion or in-pixel memory [4]. Despite these advantages, until very recently, their small size has limited their application to medical imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of regional variations in a stitched CMOS active pixel sensor

Zin

Konstantinidis

Harris

et al. 2010

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…Continuous improvements of characteristics like dark current, dynamic range and readout noise are also making CMOS sensors attractive for high-end applications like scientific imaging [9]. Major advantages of CMOS with respect to CCDs were highlighted since their invention in the early 1990s [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%