CMOS Power-Amplifier Design Perspectives for 6G Wireless Communications

Wang, Zisong; Wang, Huan; Heydari, Payam

doi:10.1109/mwscas47672.2021.9531862

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, benefiting from the very large bandwidths of sub-THz frequencies, it has not been adequately explored for the effectivity of SE with fair transmit power, mainly because of the high path loss characteristics. Works in [271] and [272] are the recent attempts to study the impact of high propagation losses on PA linearization metrics at the intended 6G frequencies. Such vital insights would pave the way for developing MIMO systems yielding satisfactory linearization performance in different evaluation scenarios involving upper MMW and sub-THz frequencies.…”

Section: E Predistortion For 6g-enabled Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predistortion-Based Linearization for 5G and Beyond Millimeter-Wave Transceiver Systems: A Comprehensive Survey

Haider

You

et al. 2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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The next-generation (5G/6G) wireless communication aims to leapfrog the currently occupied sub-6 GHz spectrum to the wideband millimeter-wave (MMW) spectrum. However, MMW spectrums with high-order modulation schemes drive the power amplifier (PA) at significant back-off, causing severe nonlinear distortions, thus deteriorating the transceiver's (TRXs) modulation process. Typically, the TRX efficacy is quantified with standardized linearization matrices, which take advantage of different predistortion (PD) schemes to handle deep compression of the PA. In this regard, TRX baseband signals are mostly linearized in the digital domain, where digitally controlled linearization needs higher sampling rates due to increasing MMW bandwidths to compensate for intermodulation (IMD) products, resulting in increased system cost and power consumption. Alternately, the digitally controlled analog-based linearization, i.e., the hybridization of digital predistortion (DPD) and analog predistortion (APD), is highly productive and cost-effective for fulfilling the linearized energy-efficient design vision of MMW networks. Therefore, this paper puts an extensive spotlight on the progress in PD-based linearization for 5G and beyond communications. It first provides background information on the advancements of PD schemes through recent surveys, then classifies the general roadmap of PD waveform processing across the TRX system models as preliminary. After this, we present three prominent PD architectures and their design approaches with intrinsic performance metrics. Finally, we explore four case studies encompassing PD operation under certain nonlinear constraints of different communication schemes. We examine the suitability of PD-based linearization solutions, both existing and proposed till the first quarter of 2022, and identify the potential prospects in this domain.

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Section: E Predistortion For 6g-enabled Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predistortion-Based Linearization for 5G and Beyond Millimeter-Wave Transceiver Systems: A Comprehensive Survey

Haider

You

et al. 2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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“…Fig. 21 shows an illustration of the amplifier design methodology [89]. The input/output matching networks mainly perform two tasks, i.e., (1) they re-shape the frequency response with acceptable reflection and insertion losses, and (2) they stabilize the gain stage so that the entire amplifier will become unconditionally stable.…”

Section: Core Building Blocks For Thz Transceivers a Thz Amplifier De...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The circuit analysis of the circuit in Fig. 22 leads to the following relationship between network Q and the core amplifier K-factor, K f [89].…”

Section: Core Building Blocks For Thz Transceivers a Thz Amplifier De...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Integrated Circuits and Systems for High-Speed Wireless Communications: Challenges and Design Perspectives

Heydari

2021

IEEE Open J. Solid-State Circuits Soc.

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This paper presents challenges and design perspectives for terahertz (THz) integrated circuits and systems. THz means different things to different people. From International Telecommunication Union (ITU) perspective, THz radiation primarily means frequency range from 300 − 3000 GHz. However, recently, a more expansive definition of THz has emerged that covers frequencies from 100 GHz to 10 THz, which includes sub-THz (100 − 300 GHz), ITU-defined THz frequencies. This definition is now commonly used by communication theorists, and since this paper is intended for people with a wide variety of expertise in system and circuit design, we have adopted the latter definition. The paper brings to the open unmitigated shortcomings of conventional transceiver architectures for multi gigabit-per-second wireless applications, unfolds challenges in designing THz transceivers, and provides pathways to address these impediments. Furthermore, it goes through design challenges and candidate solutions for key circuit blocks of a transceiver including front-end amplifiers, local oscillator (LO) circuit and LO distribution network, and antennas intended for frequencies above 100 GHz.

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“…The foreseen transition to 6G communication systems (and beyond) calls for increased operation frequency and bandwidth along with reduced power dissipation and high efficiency, opening the way to the exploitation of new technologies and devices. Both Si nanotechnologies (e.g., CMOS and FinFETs [1][2][3][4]) and III-V-based technologies (GaAs and GaN PHEMTs [5][6][7]) have been continuously optimized for RF/microwave applications to cover the requirements of next generation communication systems, targeting either higher power density for the deployment of the wireless backbone [8], or extremely high operating frequencies to exploit their inherent wideband capability, or both. In analog high-frequency applications, though, the technological quality turns out to be the key for a successful deployment of microwave stages such as power amplifiers (PAs) or mixers [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the Gap between Physical and Circuit Analysis for Variability-Aware Microwave Design: Modeling Approaches

et al. 2022

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Process-induced variability is a growing concern in the design of analog circuits, and in particular for monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) targeting the 5G and 6G communication systems. The RF and microwave (MW) technologies developed for the deployment of these communication systems exploit devices whose dimension is now well below 100 nm, featuring an increasing variability due to the fabrication process tolerances and the inherent statistical behavior of matter at the nanoscale. In this scenario, variability analysis must be incorporated into circuit design and optimization, with ad hoc models retaining a direct link to the fabrication process and addressing typical MMIC nonlinear applications like power amplification and frequency mixing. This paper presents a flexible procedure to extract black-box models from accurate physics-based simulations, namely TCAD analysis of the active devices and EM simulations for the passive structures, incorporating the dependence on the most relevant fabrication process parameters. We discuss several approaches to extract these models and compare them to highlight their features, both in terms of accuracy and of ease of extraction. We detail how these models can be implemented into EDA tools typically used for RF and MMIC design, allowing for fast and accurate statistical and yield analysis. We demonstrate the proposed approaches extracting the black-box models for the building blocks of a power amplifier in a GaAs technology for X-band applications.

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CMOS Power-Amplifier Design Perspectives for 6G Wireless Communications

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Predistortion-Based Linearization for 5G and Beyond Millimeter-Wave Transceiver Systems: A Comprehensive Survey

Predistortion-Based Linearization for 5G and Beyond Millimeter-Wave Transceiver Systems: A Comprehensive Survey

Terahertz Integrated Circuits and Systems for High-Speed Wireless Communications: Challenges and Design Perspectives

Bridging the Gap between Physical and Circuit Analysis for Variability-Aware Microwave Design: Modeling Approaches

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