CMP spatial autocorrelation analysis of multichannel passive surface-wave data

Hayashi, Koichi; Craig, Mitchell; Kita, Takaho; Inazaki, Tomio

doi:10.1190/segam2015-5913708.1

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Several studies have argued on the advantages of interferometric passive surface wave methods in contrast with non-interferometric methods (O'Connell & Turner 2011;Le Feuvre et al 2015;Hayashi et al 2015;Cheng et al 2016Cheng et al , 2018bXu et al 2017). In order to reveal the underlying differences, we follow the same assumptions to build the Green's function approximations and the dispersion imaging schemes for the MAPS and SPAC methods.…”

Section: Interferometric Passive Surface Wave Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparisons between non-interferometric and interferometric passive surface wave imaging methods—towards linear receiver array

Cheng

Xia

et al. 2022

Geophysical Journal International

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Summary Passive seismic methods in highly populated urban areas have gained much attention from the geophysics and civil engineering communities. Linear arrays are usually deployed for passive surface-wave investigations because of their high convenience, and passive surface wave imaging methods commonly used for linear arrays can be grouped as non-interferometric methods (e.g., passive multichannel analysis of surface wave, refraction microtremor) and interferometric methods (e.g., multichannel analysis of passive surface waves and spatial autocorrelation). It is well known that the seismic interferometry method is able to retrieve Green’s function between inter-station pairs based on passive seismic data and that is how interferometric methods work. Although non-interferometric methods are also popular and effective in near-surface seismic imaging, particularly in the geotechnical industry, there is no theoretical proof to clarify the accuracy and/or the bias of these methods. In this study, we employ numerical derivations and simulations to demonstrate the underlying physics for both non-interferometric and interferometric methods, under two common noise source environments including a homogeneous source distribution and a dominant in-line source distribution. We also prove the strength of interferometric methods for accurate dispersion imaging over the non-interferometric methods, and provide a way to estimate the biases in non-interferometric measurements. Finally, we present comprehensive comparisons between different passive surface wave methods with three typical field examples considering various observation systems.

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Section: Interferometric Passive Surface Wave Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MASW). Recent studies have argued that interferometric methods have advantages over non-interferometric methods (O'Connell & Turner 2011;Le Feuvre et al 2015;Hayashi et al 2015;Cheng et al 2018b). Cheng et al (2016) demonstrated that MAPS would be more accurate than PMASW in the presence of directional ambient source effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons between non-interferometric and interferometric passive surface wave imaging methods—towards linear receiver array

Cheng

Xia

et al. 2022

Geophysical Journal International

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“…Active data were processed using the common midpoint cross correlation method (Hayashi and Suzuki, 2004). Passive data were processed using the common midpoint spatial autocorrelation (CMP-SPAC) method (Hayashi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active and passive seismic surface wave methods for levee assessment in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, USA

Craig

Hayashi²,

Kozaci³

2021

Near Surface Geophysics

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Seismic surveys were performed using a novel application of combined active and passive surface wave methods to evaluate the integrity of levees protecting islands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA, from flooding. Delta islands have been undergoing rapid subsidence during the past century due to farming practices that have led to the loss of a surficial peat layer. A large earthquake on any one of several active faults in the region could cause multiple levee failures and extensive flooding in the Delta. Surface wave surveys were carried out along the crest of levees using the active method (2D multichannel analysis of surface waves) and along the base of levees using the passive method (microtremor array method). This allowed 2D seismic S-wave velocity (V S ) profiles to be prepared for each site by combining shallow data from the active survey along the crown of the levee with deeper data from a passive survey along the toe of the levee. TheseV S profiles reveal a low-velocity peat layer beneath the levee body that was confirmed by geotechnical borehole logs. Lateral variability of the levee was evaluated using average velocity to the base of the levee versus along-levee distance.

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“…We set 120 or 144 geophones along the line at 50 cm or at 1 m intervals. Two dispersion curves, one is for a higher frequency part calculated from CMP-CC gather data derived from SAGEEP 2017 Denver, Colorado USA http://www.eegs.org active survey records (Hayashi and Suzuki, 2004), and the other is for a lower frequency part calculated from passive data applying CMP-SPAC analytical method (Hayashi, et al, 2015), are combined to form a single dispersion curve for a specific CMP on a survey line. To reconstruct 2D S-wave velocity structures along a line, we used SeisImager, comprehensive software for seismic data processing provided by Geometrics.…”

Section: Outline Of the Survey And Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near Surface Geophysical Survey at a Collapsed Site of a Highway Embankment Caused by a Heavy Rainfall

Kisanuki

Ogahara

Onishi

et al. 2017

Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2017

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We conducted a detailed near surface geophysical survey at a site where an 8 m high road embankment had been partly collapsed caused by a heavy rainfall. The failure broke down a half of the 4 lane road body embanked on the very soft alluvial sediments even though it had been reinforced with geotextile-anchored concrete wall and with a group of ground improvement columns. The collapse spread out debris at most 4 m but heaved the surrounding soft sediments up to 30 m in lateral distance. The field survey purposed to clarify deformation structure and failure process of the road embankment and to evaluate the geophysical properties of the soft sediments damaged by the collapse. Employed methods or tools were GPR, DC resistivity tomography, capacitively coupled resistivity using OhmMapper and hybrid surface wave survey. In addition, detailed DSM (Digital Surface Model) of the road surface was reconstructed from densely taken photo images aided by SfM (Structure from Motion) technique and it clearly highlighted several hair cracks and small bulges generated in association with the collapse. GPR clearly detected the boundary between subgrade and underlying roadbed, and the amplitudes of the reflection were relatively stronger at a specific zone. This indicated de-coupling of the boundary between subgrade and roadbed. Namely, GPR was useful to estimate the extension of hidden deformation associated with the collapse, undetectable by surface visual inspection. Hybrid surface wave survey delineated characteristic S-wave velocity profiles. S-wave velocities of soft sediments were as very low as 50m/s, and decreased to about 30m/s in and around the heaved area. ERT along a cross line at the collapsed part successfully imaged the foot and frontal thrust and was helpful to interpret a possible sliding surface. In conclusion, detailed geophysical survey was quite capable to delineate and interpret the disturbed near surface structure caused by rainfall collapse.

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CMP spatial autocorrelation analysis of multichannel passive surface-wave data

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Comparisons between non-interferometric and interferometric passive surface wave imaging methods—towards linear receiver array

Comparisons between non-interferometric and interferometric passive surface wave imaging methods—towards linear receiver array

Active and passive seismic surface wave methods for levee assessment in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, USA

Near Surface Geophysical Survey at a Collapsed Site of a Highway Embankment Caused by a Heavy Rainfall

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