CNT Interwoven Nitrogen and Oxygen Dual‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanosheets as Free‐Standing Electrodes for High‐Performance Na‐Se and K‐Se Flexible Batteries

Yao, Yu; Chen, Minglong; Xu, Rui; Zeng, Shuai; Yang, Hai; Ye, Shufen; Liu, Fanfan; Wu, Xiaojun; Yu, Yan

doi:10.1002/adma.201805234

Cited by 147 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The b value reflects the reaction kinetics by estimating the ratio of capacitive‐dominated charge storage of the electrode. The closer the b ‐value is to 1, the more prominent the capacitive behavior, which translates to a faster reaction kinetics . The fitting curves in Figure 3g show an almost linear relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Toward High Energy Density All Solid‐State Sodium Batteries with Excellent Flexibility

Yao

Wei

Wang

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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121

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All solid‐state sodium batteries (ASSBs) have attracted considerable attention due to their enhanced safety, long lifespan, and high energy density. However, several challenges have plagued the development of ASSBs, especially the relatively low ionic conductivity of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), large interfacial resistance, and low stability/compatibility between SSEs and electrodes. Here, a high‐performance all solid‐state sodium battery (NVP@C|PEGDMA‐NaFSI‐SPE|Na) is designed by employing carbon coated Na3V2(PO4)3 composite nanosheets (NVP@C) as the cathode, solvent‐free solid polymer electrolyte (PEGDMA‐NaFSI‐SPE) as the electrolyte and metallic sodium as the anode. The integrated electrolyte and cathode system prepared by the in situ polymerization process exhibits high ionic conductivity (≈10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature) and an outstanding electrolyte/electrode interface. Benefiting from these merits, the soft‐pack ASSB (NVP@C|PEGDMA‐NaFSI‐SPE|Na) delivers excellent cycling life over 740 cycles (capacity decay of only 0.007% per cycle) and maintains 95% of the initial reversible capacity with almost no self‐discharge even after resting for 3 months. Moreover, the bendable ASSB exhibits a high capacity of 106 mAh g−1 (corresponds to energy density of ≈355 Wh kg−1) at 0.5 C despite undergoing repeated bending for 535 cycles. This work offers a new strategy to fabricate high‐performance flexible ASSBs with a long lifespan and excellent flexibility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Toward High Energy Density All Solid‐State Sodium Batteries with Excellent Flexibility

Yao

Wei

Wang

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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121

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“…The poor cycling performance of PP battery may be attributed to the severe polyselenide shuttling and low utilization of the active material (Se). [ 26,54,55 ] Furthermore, the long cycling performance of the CCNT/MXene/PP battery was examined at 0.5C in Figure 5e. Owing to the fast transfer of Na ions and suppressed shuttle effect, the battery delivered a high reversible capacity of 450 mAh g −1 after 300 cycles with a high capacity retention of 72.6% for Na–Se batteries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 14,15 ] These designed cathode strategies include: employing porous carbon materials as the hosts; [ 7,16–19 ] coating the cathode materials with graphene, metal oxide, or conductive polymers; [ 20–24 ] and heteroatoms doping. [ 25–27 ] However, these cathode engineering would inevitably reduce the mass ratio of selenium by introducing additional components, leading to decreased energy density. [ 28 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface Engineering of MXene Composite Separator for High‐Performance Li–Se and Na–Se Batteries

Zhang

Guo

Xiong

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

108

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However, the development of metal-Se batteries has been blocked by the severe shuttle effect of polyselenides, particularly in ether-based electrolyte, where the polyselenides diffuse across the separator and react with the metal anode. [12,13] Tremendous efforts have been devoted to the design of advanced cathode host materials to mitigate the shuttle effect. [14,15] These designed cathode strategies include: employing porous carbon materials as the hosts; [7,[16][17][18][19] coating the cathode materials with graphene, metal oxide, or conductive polymers; [20][21][22][23][24] and heteroatoms doping. [25][26][27] However, these cathode engineering would inevitably reduce the mass ratio of selenium by introducing additional components, leading to decreased energy density. [28] Recently, functional separators have been prepared to inhibit the shuttle effect in Se-or S-based batteries. [17,[29][30][31][32][33][34] For example, MXenes (M n+1 X n T x , where M = transition metal, X = carbon/nitrogen, n = 1, 2, and 3, and T x represents surface functional groups) modified separators have been proved to be effective in suppressing the shuttle effect due to their anisotropic shape and large 2D dimensions that increases the diffusion pathway of polysulfide/polyselenide species. [35][36][37] In addition, MXene shows strong adsorption to polysulfides due to the Lewis acid-base interaction between polysulfides and Ti sites, [38,39] which may also work for polyselenides. Nazar and co-workers have shown that the surface environment on MXene enhances such Lewis acid-base chemisorption via thiosulfate formation. [38] However, this enhanced adsorption undergoes a two-step process with sluggish kinetics. Although the shuttle effect can be mitigated, the battery showed slow redox reaction, especially under high current densities. In addition, the MXene nanosheets also suffer from restacking and poor electrolyte affinities due to the van der Waals (vdW) forces and rich hydrophilic surface groups (OH and F), respectively. [40,41] It is well known that the hydrophilic groups on MXene have low compatibility to organic electrolyte. [42] The inferior separator-electrolyte contact will lead to a poor solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) and slow electrolyte infiltration process. [43] Herein, we developed a novel self-assembled cetrimonium bromide (CTAB)/carbon nanotube (CNT)/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene Selenium (Se), due to its high electronic conductivity and high energy density, has recently attracted considerable interest as a cathode material for rechargeable Li/Na batteries. However, the poor cycling stability originating from the severe shuttle effect of polyselenides hinders their practical applications. Herein, highly stable Li/Na-Se batteries are developed using ultrathin (≈270 nm, loading of 0.09 mg cm −2 ) cetrimonium bromide (CTAB)/carbon nanotube (CNT)/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene hybrid modified polypropylene (PP) (CCNT/ MXene/PP) separators. The hybrid separator can immobilize the polyselenides via enhanced Lewis acid-base interactions betwee...

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“…The peaks located at 59.0 eV in Se 3d spectrum of MiC/Se were ascribed to the SeO chemical bond. [ 23,30,31 ] Apart from the typical peaks of Se 3d 3/2 (55.3 eV) and Se 3d 5/2 (56.2 eV), a weak peak at 58.1 eV, which can be attributed to the terminal Se atoms of chain‐like Se x molecules, as indication for the generation of Se chain in MiC. [ 23 ] The N‐doping in MiC is confirmed by the N 1s peak, which can be divided into the pyridine‐N, pyrrole‐N, and quaternary‐N (Figure 2e).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insight into the Confinement Effect of Microporous Carbon in Li/Se Battery Chemistry: A Cathode with Enhanced Conductivity

Wang

Tan

Liu

et al. 2020

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increasing requirement of energy density. Among these alternatives to the conventional lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are of particular interest due to their high theoretical gravimetric energy density (2500 Wh kg −1 ) and natural abundance of sulfur. [1] Selenium (Se), as an element that also belongs to the chalcogen group in periodic table, has been recently proposed as a promising cathode material. [2][3][4][5] In spite of the lower theoretical gravimetric capacity of Se (675 mAh g −1 ), the volumetric capacity of Se (3253 mAh cm −3 ) is comparable to that of S (3467 mAh cm −3 ). Moreover, Se possesses an electronic conductivity that is ≈20 orders of magnitude higher than S, which enables a higher utilization rate, better kinetics and higher loading of active materials in electrode. These advantages make Se a promising candidate of cathode materials for high energy lithium battery.The Li-Se electrochemistry highly depends on the organic electrolyte. In ether-based electrolytes, the Se cathode operated via solidliquid-solid mechanism suffers from the dissolution of reaction intermediates-lithium polyselenide, resulting in the continuous leakage of active materials and shuttle reaction between cathode and anode. [4][5][6] Using the carbonate-based electrolytes that seldom dissolve lithium polyselenide intermediates is a potential strategy to address this problem occurred in Li-Se batteries. [7] However, because of the irreversible reactions between the nucleophilic long-chain polysulfide anions (Se 2− or Se 2− ) and carbonate molecules, the bulk Se cathode even prepared with nanostructured Se active materials is incompatible with these electrolytes. [5,8,9] Recently, it was found that the Se confined in CMK-3 matrix can perform well with carbonate electrolytes. [2] By forming the space-confined Se chains in pores of carbon hosts, the Se molecules can are directly converted to Li 2 Se without the lithium polyselenide intermediates. [10] Moreover, the terminal Se molecules in helical Se x are preferentially attacked by Li + , enabling a higher electrochemical activity than the ring structure. [11] Inspired by this work, various carbon hosts have also been demonstrated for Li-Se batteries. Compared to the mesoporous carbon/Se (MeC/Se) [12][13][14] and hierarchical porous carbon/Se cathodes, [15][16][17] the MiC/Se cathodes such as metal-organic framework-derived MiC, [18][19][20] graphitic MiC Embedding the fragmented selenium into the micropores of carbon host has been regarded as an effective strategy to change the Li-Se chemistry by a solid-solid mechanism, thereby enabling an excellent cycling stability in Li-Se batteries using carbonate electrolyte. However, the effect of spatial confinement by micropores in the electrochemical behavior of carbon/selenium materials remains ambiguous. A comparative study of using both microporous (MiC) and mesoporous carbons (MeC) with narrow pore size distribution as selenium hosts is herein reported. Systematic investigations reveal that the high Se ut...

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CNT Interwoven Nitrogen and Oxygen Dual‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanosheets as Free‐Standing Electrodes for High‐Performance Na‐Se and K‐Se Flexible Batteries

Cited by 147 publications

References 41 publications

Toward High Energy Density All Solid‐State Sodium Batteries with Excellent Flexibility

Toward High Energy Density All Solid‐State Sodium Batteries with Excellent Flexibility

Interface Engineering of MXene Composite Separator for High‐Performance Li–Se and Na–Se Batteries

New Insight into the Confinement Effect of Microporous Carbon in Li/Se Battery Chemistry: A Cathode with Enhanced Conductivity

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