CO 2 as main carbon source for isoprenoid biosynthesis via the mevalonate-independent methylerythritol 4-phosphate route in the marine diatoms Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Nitzschia ovalis

Cvejić, Jelena H.; Rohmer, Michel

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(99)00465-3

Cited by 73 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…From labeling experiments, no 2 H was incorporated in these terpenoids when the cells were cultured in the presence of [ 2 H 3 ]acetate and an unselective incorporation of 13 C from [1-13 C]acetate was established by 13 C NMR spectroscopy. This result confirmed that acetate was not incorporated directly into these isoprenoids and that the small 13 C enrichment detected in these compounds arose from in situ degradation of the labeled substrates (11). When the cells were cultured in the presence of 13 CO 2 , 13 C was efficiently incorporated into all of the isoprenoids investigated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…No incorporation of [1,1,1,4-2 H 4 ]deoxyxylulose into desmosterol was observed in either of the two R. setigera strains studied. C 27 to C 29 sterols are common in diatoms, and Cvejić and Rohmer (11) showed that intact acetate was incorporated into C 27 and C 28 sterols from P. tricornutum and Nitzschia ovalis. Thus, the sterols in P. tricornutum, N. ovalis, and two strains of R. setigera are all synthesized via the MVA pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acetate is directly incorporated into the MVA pathway after activation into acetyl-CoA but can enter into the MEP pathway only by way of the glyoxylate and tricarboxylic acid cycles (24,25). In contrast, CO 2 is efficiently incorporated into the MEP route (11). Glucose, when metabolized, provides carbon to both pathways.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some algae, some streptomycetes, mosses, and liverworts, two marine diatoms, and higher plants appear to use both routes. Recent findings (4,11,12) have shown that the MVA pathway is implicated in cytosolic sterol biosynthesis, whereas the MEP pathway appears to be involved in the formation of plastidic isoprenoids such as phytol and the carotenoids. However, compartmental separation of the two biosynthetic pathways is not absolute (4,12,13) and the biosynthesis of some isoprenoid classes such as C 25 sesterterpenes has received virtually no attention.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, compartmental separation of the two biosynthetic pathways is not absolute (4,12,13) and the biosynthesis of some isoprenoid classes such as C 25 sesterterpenes has received virtually no attention. Some diatoms are important producers of sesterterpenes and other isoprenoids (14) and, because only two species of these important primary producers have been studied (11), it seemed essential to determine the biosynthesis of isoprenoids in further diatom species.…”

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Isoprenoid biosynthesis in the diatoms Rhizosolenia setigera (Brightwell) and Haslea ostrearia (Simonsen)

Massé

Belt

Rowland

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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108

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Isoprenoid biosynthesis in the widespread diatomaceous algae, Rhizosolenia setigera (Brightwell) and Haslea ostrearia (Simonsen), results not only in the production of diterpenoids, triterpenoids, and sterols but, unusually for diatoms, also in the production of sesterterpenoids. By using 13 C and 2 H isotopic labeling techniques followed by NMR and mass spectrometry, specific inhibition of mevalonate (MVA) and methylerythritol (MEP) pathways, and comparison with the natural 13 C͞ 12 C isotope ratios of the lipids, the different biosynthetic pathways of the sesterterpenes and other isoprenoids have now been determined. Surprisingly, whereas the sesterterpenes (⌬ 7(20) -haslenes) in R. setigera were made by the MVA pathway, as were the related triterpenoid rhizenes and desmosterol, in H. ostrearia the structurally similar ⌬ 6(17) -haslenes and the major sterol, 24-ethylcholest-5-en-3␤-ol, were instead biosynthesized by the MEP route. Phytol was biosynthesized in both diatoms by the MEP route. Subfractionation of R. setigera cells revealed that although phytol was located in the chloroplasts, the haslenes, rhizenes, and sterols were present in the cytoplasm. The observations described here for R. setigera and H. ostrearia show that terpenoid biosynthesis in diatoms is species-dependent and cannot simply be grouped according to structural type. Triterpenes appear to be made by the MVA route as in higher plants, whereas sesterterpenes and sterols can be made by either the MVA or MEP routes. In neither organism were the isoprenoids biosynthesized by leucine metabolism. Sesterterpene and triterpene biosynthesis in diatoms has not been investigated previously.A lthough all isoprenoids are biosynthesized from isopentenyl diphosphate (IDP), IDP itself can be produced by several different routes. In addition to the mevalonate (MVA) route, a MVA-independent pathway has been described, yielding IDP from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, with 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) identified as intermediates (1). In addition, IDP in some parasitic protozoa appears to be biosynthesized both by the MVA route and by direct incorporation of leucine (2). Many authors have studied the distribution of the MVA and MEP pathways within a large number of organisms by incorporation of 13 C-or 2 H-labeled precursors (for reviews see refs. 1, 3, and 4), by use of highly specific inhibitors of the MVA and MEP pathways (5, 6), or by measuring the distribution of the genes of both pathways (7,8). Jux and coworkers (9) demonstrated that natural 13 C͞ 12 C isotope ratios of individual lipids could also be used to distinguish between the pathways. Based on these four approaches, it has been established that archaea, certain bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and some protozoa and animals use only the MVA pathway, whereas many bacteria, green algae, and some protists rely on the MEP pathway (10). Some algae, some streptomycetes, mosses, and liverworts, two marine diatoms, and higher plants appear to use both ro...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isoprenoid biosynthesis in the diatoms Rhizosolenia setigera (Brightwell) and Haslea ostrearia (Simonsen)

Massé

Belt

Rowland

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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108

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Biosynthetic Routes to the Building Blocks of Isoprenoids

Rohmer¹,

Seemann²,

Grosdemange-Billiard³

2001

Biopolymers Online

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Introduction: Recognition of the Isoprene Unit and Isoprenoids Historical Outline The Classical Mevalonate Pathway The Recently Discovered Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway Labeling Experiments: Discovery and Elucidation of the MEP Pathway Origin of the Carbon Skeleton of Isoprene Units Identification of Deoxyxylulose and Methylerythritol Derivatives as the First C 5 Isoprenoid Precursors Enzymology and Genetics 1‐Deoxy‐D‐xylulose 5‐phosphate Synthase 1‐Deoxy‐D‐xylulose 5‐phosphate Isomero‐reductase From Methylerythritol Phosphate to Methylerythritol Cyclodiphosphate On the Origin of the Hydrogen Atoms in Isoprene Units: Indications on Further Steps Distribution of the MEP Pathway and Evolutionary Impacts Outlook and Perspectives

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Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms)

Kornprobst

2014

Encyclopedia of Marine Natural Products

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The article contains sections titled: Frustules: Fundamental Characteristics of Diatoms Bases of Classification of Diatoms Primary Metabolites Photosynthetic Pigments Membrane Lipids Terpenic Hydrocarbons and Linear Polyunsaturated Alkenes Other Terpenic Derivatives: Description of the Two Biosynthetic Pathways Genera Nitzschia and Pseudo‐nitzschia : Domoic Acid and Analogs Other Molecules

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CO 2 as main carbon source for isoprenoid biosynthesis via the mevalonate-independent methylerythritol 4-phosphate route in the marine diatoms Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Nitzschia ovalis

Cited by 73 publications

References 30 publications

Isoprenoid biosynthesis in the diatoms Rhizosolenia setigera (Brightwell) and Haslea ostrearia (Simonsen)

Isoprenoid biosynthesis in the diatoms Rhizosolenia setigera (Brightwell) and Haslea ostrearia (Simonsen)

Biosynthetic Routes to the Building Blocks of Isoprenoids

Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms)

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