Co-administration of Erythromycin and Leech Salivary Extract Alleviates Osteomyelitis in Rats Induced by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Objective Erythromycin (Ery) and leech saliva (LS) can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus growth in in vitro conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the activities and synergy between Ery and LS on chronic osteomyelitis in male Wistar rat's tibia induced by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Materials and Methods Four weeks after osteomyelitis induction, rats were divided into four groups including no treatment (control), Ery monotherapy (orally), LS monotherapy, or Ery + LS twice daily for 2 weeks. Staphylococcus aureus growth, pathological signs and inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were assessed. Results Rats tolerated all therapeutic strategies well during the experiment. The Ery treatment alone significantly decreased bacterial growth, pathological signs and TNF-α levels. Leech saliva alone reduced TNF-α level significantly, but did not produce a significant reduction in bacterial growth and pathological signs. Ery + LS treatment significantly decreased bacterial growth, considerably alleviated bone pathological signs and decreased TNF-α levels compared with other groups. Statistical analysis suggested that there was a stronger efficiency and synergistic action of Ery and LS when combined against MRSA-induced osteomyelitis in rats. Clinical Significance The present study suggests that LS may have clinical utility to treat MRSA-induced osteomyelitis when combined with Ery or other therapeutics.