Co-benefits of energy efficiency improvement and air pollution abatement in the Chinese iron and steel industry

Mapping and modeling multiple benefits of energy efficiency and emission mitigation in China’s cement industry at the provincial level

“…For public perspective, lower discount rate (4%) are used to evaluate long term issues, but end users often use higher discount rate (30%) to reflect common barriers for assessing the feasibility of programmes. A discount rate of 10% is widely used by researchers for assessing cost-effective energy conservation potentials in the industry sector [9,40,69,70]. The impacts of discount rates on the changes of potential between energy saving and emission mitigation in China's cement industry have been described before [33] and are not in the scope of this paper.…”

“…Several approaches have been employed to discuss the multiple benefits of energy efficiency and emission mitigation at national [13,16,17,39], industrial [19,20,40], and facility levels [41]. The cost curves approach (i.e., Energy Conservation Supply Curves and Marginal Abatement Cost Curves) was either used independently or incorporated in other models to estimate the multiple benefits in China's cement industry [10,19,20].…”

Cradle-to-cradle modeling of the future steel flow in China

“…In this module, the energy prices is exogenously predicted by Paltsev et al (2005). The future energy intensity will decrease due to the implementation of energy efficiency technologies (Hasanbeigi et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2014), which has attracted lots of attention in the field of research. However, Sun et al (2013) argued that the benefit of adapting the energy efficiency technologies is limited, and the cost is high for China.…”

Making optimal investment decisions for energy service companies under uncertainty: A case study

“…Specifically, efforts have also been made to promote energy efficiency investment worldwide, such as for the United States [21,38], China [39,40], Australia [41], Iran [42], Greece [43], and South Africa [44]. According to Ansar and Sparks [15], households and firms were inclined to delay making energy efficiency investments until internal rates of return exceeded values of 50% and higher.…”