“…An n-type semiconductor substance called cerium dioxide (CeO 2 ) has several uses in electrocatalysis, , solar cells, and photocatalysis . When considering the availability of resources, CeO 2 is more affordable and plentiful in the earth’s crust than lanthanide oxides such as La 2 O 3 , Gd 2 O 3 , and Y 2 O 3 . Furthermore, concerning its structural properties, CeO 2 can react more quickly to EMW than other metal oxide-based MA materials like Fe 2 O 3 and ZnO, which in turn causes polarization effects.…”