Co-circulation of vaccinia and monkeypox viruses in rural areas of Brazil: Importance of differential molecular diagnosis

Luques, Matheus Nobrega; Oliveira, Régis Linhares; Hir, Samuel; Nunes, Desiree dos Santos; Higa, Luiza M.; Mendonça, Ana Flávia; Pereira, Luiz Augusto; Sousa, Fabrício; Castiñeiras, Terezinha Marta Pereira Pinto; Tanuri, Amílcar; Damaso, Clarissa R.

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102578

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In environments endemic for zoonotic pathogens such as MPXV, the role of animal reservoirs and hosts must be considered in surveillance and outbreak control. Reports of multiple poxviruses (vaccinia virus, pseudocowpox virus, MPXV) co-circulating within a community are rare and have been primarily confined to Brazil ( 2 , 13 ). In addition to mpox, and now swinepox, DRC has reported cases of other poxviruses, including molluscum contagiosum and tanapox ( 14 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Circulating Monkeypox and Swinepox Viruses, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2022

Kalonji,

Malembi,

Matela

et al. 2024

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Circulating Monkeypox and Swinepox Viruses, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2022

Kalonji,

Malembi,

Matela

et al. 2024

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Consequently, despite passenger flow in this country not returning to pre-pandemic levels, Mpox effectively spread through community transmission, particularly among domestic travelers participating in mass gathering events (Luques et al, 2023). Practical implementation of air travel interventions across airline networks may not be feasible in most areas after the detection of an emerging pathogen with pandemic potential due to the strong economic and social impact of travel restrictions (Meier et al, 2022;Kinoshita et al, 2023).…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Global Mpox spread due to increased air travel

Qiao,

Paansri,

Escobar

2024

Geospat Health

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Mpox is an emerging, infectious disease that has caused outbreaks in at least 91 countries from May to August 2022. We assessed the link between international air travel patterns and Mpox transmission risk, and the relationship between the translocation of Mpox and human mobility dynamics after travel restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic had been lifted. Our three novel observations were that: i) more people traveled internationally after the removal of travel restrictions in the summer of 2022 compared to pre-pandemic levels; ii) countries with a high concentration of global air travel have the most recorded Mpox cases; and iii) Mpox transmission includes a number of previously nonendemic regions. These results suggest that international airports should be a primary location for monitoring the risk of emerging communicable diseases. Findings highlight the need for global collaboration concerning proactive measures emphasizing realtime surveillance.

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“…11,12 Mpox has several differential diagnoses among acute skin eruption diseases, mainly those of infectious etiologies, 13,14 including varicella, herpes simplex, syphilis, gonorrhea, and vaccinia. 15 The presumptive mpox diagnosis based solely on clinical features demonstrates low accuracy, 16 underscoring the importance of laboratory confirmation. The gold standard methods for diagnosing mpox are viral isolation, electron microscopy, and real-time PCR, 5 the latter being extensively used during the 2022 outbreak.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mpox has several differential diagnoses among acute skin eruption diseases, mainly those of infectious etiologies, 13,14 including varicella, herpes simplex, syphilis, gonorrhea, and vaccinia 15 . The presumptive mpox diagnosis based solely on clinical features demonstrates low accuracy, 16 underscoring the importance of laboratory confirmation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mpox outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A translational approach

Lira,

Ota,

Melo

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Mpox is a zoonotic disease historically reported in Africa. Since 2003, limited outbreaks have occurred outside Africa. In 2022, the global spread of cases with sustained interhuman transmission and unusual disease features raised public health concerns. We explore the mpox outbreak in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) state, Brazil, in an observational study of mpox‐suspected cases from June to December 2022. Data collection relied on a public healthcare notification form. Diagnosis was determined by MPXV‐PCR. In 46 confirmed cases, anti‐OPXV IgG was determined by ELISA, and seven MPXV genomes were sequenced. A total of 3095 cases were included, 816 (26.3%) with positive MPXV‐PCR results. Most positive cases were men in their 30 s and MSM. A total of 285 (34.9%) MPXV‐PCR+ patients live with HIV. Eight were coinfected with varicella‐zoster virus. Anogenital lesions and adenomegaly were associated with the diagnosis of mpox. Females and individuals under 18 represented 9.4% and 5.4% of all confirmed cases, respectively, showing higher PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values and fewer anogenital lesions compared to adult men. Anti‐OPXV IgG was detected in 29/46 (63.0%) patients. All analyzed sequences belonged to clade IIb. In RJ state, mpox presented a diverse clinical picture, represented mainly by mild cases with low complication rates and prominent genital involvement. The incidence in females and children was higher than usually reported. The observation of a bimodal distribution of Ct values, with few positive results, may suggest the need to review the diagnostic criteria in these groups.

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Co-circulation of vaccinia and monkeypox viruses in rural areas of Brazil: Importance of differential molecular diagnosis

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Co-Circulating Monkeypox and Swinepox Viruses, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2022

Co-Circulating Monkeypox and Swinepox Viruses, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2022

Global Mpox spread due to increased air travel

Mpox outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A translational approach

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