Co-Combustion of Animal Waste in a Commercial  Waste-to-Energy BFB Boiler

Moradian, Farzad; Pettersson, Anita; Svärd, Solvie Herstad; Richards, Tobias

doi:10.3390/en6126170

Cited by 17 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Among the predicted products in the marked area (solid triangles and squares) formation of CaSiO 3 (s) is also predicted by equilibrium calculations (Table 3). Despite no formation of Ca−Al− silicates among the equilibrium products, our XRD results 3 confirmed the presence of Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7 in the bed ash. According to the phase diagram, all predicted compounds were expected to be present as solids in the ref and AW combustion conditions.…”

Section: Phase Diagram Informationsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This finding is confirmed in chemical fractionation analysis as well (Figure 6), where elevated levels of Ca and P are attributed to the presence of acid-soluble compounds. 3 It should be noted that according to previous research, 15,17,18 the additional P in the ashes of the AW case is attributed to two main sources in the animal waste: hard and soft tissue. Hard tissue refers to crushed bones that contain Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 and β- Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Effects of bed temperature and excess SiO 2 on the molten phase for a fuel mix with high phosphorus content (AW case fuel). agglomeration tests for the sand particles, 3 showing an increase in the agglomeration temperature of around 90°C in the AW case compared with the ref case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Bed Agglomeration Characteristics during Cocombustion of Animal Waste with Municipal Solid Waste in a Bubbling Fluidized-Bed Boiler—A Thermodynamic Modeling Approach

2014

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Full-scale waste combustion tests showed that adding animal waste (AW) to municipal solid waste (MSW) prevented bed agglomeration, and the reason for this finding was not fully understood. This study uses thermodynamic modeling to investigate the composition of equilibrium products for two combustion scenarios: monocombustion of MSW (the reference case) and cocombustion of AW with MSW (the AW case). The modeling was performed using FactSage, and experimental data obtained during the full-scale combustion tests were used as input data for the calculations. The results of equilibrium modeling, together with information extracted from ternary phase diagrams, suggest higher bed temperature as the primary cause for formation of bed agglomerates in the reference case. In addition, melt-induced agglomeration is suggested as the bed agglomeration mechanism in this case. In the AW case, however, reduced bed temperature, as well as enriched calcium phosphate and sulfate in the bottom ashes are considered to significantly decrease the slagging tendency.

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Section: Phase Diagram Informationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Bed Agglomeration Characteristics during Cocombustion of Animal Waste with Municipal Solid Waste in a Bubbling Fluidized-Bed Boiler—A Thermodynamic Modeling Approach

2014

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“…Likewise, in the last decade, a great deal of research has been conducted to burn waste biomass in various boilers, for example, for the analysis of the combustion tests in a commercial residential wood pellet boiler with a pure SCG pellet, a blended pellet (50% SCG and 50% sawdust) and a pure pine wood pellet [13], for the fuel and combustion test in a small boiler (6.5 kW) with SCG [2], the combustion tests of wood pellet on a fixed bed reactor with various conditions [14], and the combustion test of a fluidized bed boiler with fuel of a normal sold waste and mixing with animal wastes [15]. The combustion of straw, olives, tomatoes, cocoa beans, etc., achieved a relatively high boiler efficiency, but the problem is the emerging ash with a relatively low melting point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Utilization of Spent Coffee Grounds in the Form of Pellets

2020

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Nowadays it is important to limit the use and combustion of fossil fuels such as oil and coal. There is a need to create environmentally acceptable projects that can reduce or even stop greenhouse gas emissions. In this article, we dealt with the objectives of energy policy with regard to environmental protection, waste utilization, and conservation of natural resources. The main objective of the research was to assess the possibility of the use of spent coffee grounds (SCG) as fuel. As a part of the solution, the processing of coffee waste in the form of pellets, analysis of calorific value and combustion in the boiler were proposed. The experiments were done with four samples of pellets. These samples were made from a mixture of wood sawdust and spent coffee grounds with ratio 30:70 (wood sawdust: spent coffee grounds), 40:60, 50:50 and 100% of spent coffee grounds. The calorific values were compared with wood sawdust pellets (17.15 MJ.kg −1 ) and the best lower calorific value of 21.08 MJ.kg −1 was measured for 100% of spent coffee grounds. This sample did not achieve the desired performance during the combustion in the boiler due to the low strength of the sample.

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“…They concluded that the particle size of the wood pellet and water content are major parameters on combustion and heat transfer. Moradian et al [24] performed the combustion test on a fluidized bed boiler with fuel of a normal solid waste and compared it to mixing with animal wastes. They found that solid waste comprised of 20-30% animal waste reduced the bed temperature by 70-100 • C and suppressed the deposition growth rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume and Mass Measurement of a Burning Wood Pellet by Image Processing

2017

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Wood pellets are a form of solid biomass energy and a renewable energy source. In 2015, the new and renewable energy (NRE) portion of wood pellets was 4.6% of the total primary energy in Korea. Wood pellets account for 6.2% of renewable energy consumption in Korea, the equivalent of 824,000 TOE (ton of oil equivalent, 10 million kcal). The burning phases of a wood pellet can be classified into three modes: (1) gasification; (2) flame burning and (3) charcoal burning. At each wood pellet burning mode, the volume and weight of the burning wood pellet can drastically change; these parameters are important to understand the wood pellet burning mechanism. We developed a new method for measuring the volume of a burning wood pellet that involves no contact. To measure the volume of a wood pellet, we take pictures of the wood pellet in each burning mode. The volume of a burning wood pellet can then be calculated by image processing. The difference between the calculation method using image processing and the direct measurement of a burning wood pellet in gasification mode is less than 8.8%. In gasification mode in this research, mass reduction of the wood pellet is 37% and volume reduction of the wood pellet is 7%. Whereas in charcoal burning mode, mass reduction of the wood pellet is 10% and volume reduction of the wood pellet is 41%. By measuring volume using image processing, continuous and non-interruptive volume measurements for various solid fuels are possible and can provide more detailed information for CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis.

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Co-Combustion of Animal Waste in a Commercial Waste-to-Energy BFB Boiler

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Bed Agglomeration Characteristics during Cocombustion of Animal Waste with Municipal Solid Waste in a Bubbling Fluidized-Bed Boiler—A Thermodynamic Modeling Approach

Bed Agglomeration Characteristics during Cocombustion of Animal Waste with Municipal Solid Waste in a Bubbling Fluidized-Bed Boiler—A Thermodynamic Modeling Approach

Energy Utilization of Spent Coffee Grounds in the Form of Pellets

Volume and Mass Measurement of a Burning Wood Pellet by Image Processing

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