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A multiplex assay of mycotoxins in food and medicine is urgently needed and challenging due to synergistic hazards of trace mycotoxins and a lack of sensitive and user-friendly detection approaches. Herein, a cobalt DNA−inorganic hybrid superstructure (Co@DS) was developed through isothermal rolling circle amplification (RCA) for an ultrasensitive chemiluminescence (CL) imaging assay of multiple mycotoxins. Cobalt ions were enriched in the RCA product, endowing the Co@DS with a high CL catalytic property. Experimental studies elucidated the formation and CL catalytic mechanism of Co@DS. Co@DS was facilely integrated with biotinylated DNA to function as a universal platform and combined with a disposable immunosensor array chip. After a competitive immunoassay and biotin−avidin recognition, the CL signals of luminol and hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by Co@DS captured on each testing zone of the array chip, were imaged simultaneously. Target mycotoxins can be quantitated by CL intensities. To validate the concept, the CL imaging approach was employed for joint determination of aflatoxin B 1 , ochratoxins A, and zearalenone. Under optimal conditions, it showed advantages including simple sample pretreatment, acceptable throughput, high accuracy, minimal sample consumption, broad linear ranges, and detection limits as low as 0.75, 0.62, and 0.61 pg mL −1 , respectively. Furthermore, the approach was applied in analyzing real coix seed samples, showcasing excellent performance in effectively distinguishing qualified and contaminated medicine, revealing the great potential in managing the complex issue of mycotoxins cocontamination in food and medicine.
A multiplex assay of mycotoxins in food and medicine is urgently needed and challenging due to synergistic hazards of trace mycotoxins and a lack of sensitive and user-friendly detection approaches. Herein, a cobalt DNA−inorganic hybrid superstructure (Co@DS) was developed through isothermal rolling circle amplification (RCA) for an ultrasensitive chemiluminescence (CL) imaging assay of multiple mycotoxins. Cobalt ions were enriched in the RCA product, endowing the Co@DS with a high CL catalytic property. Experimental studies elucidated the formation and CL catalytic mechanism of Co@DS. Co@DS was facilely integrated with biotinylated DNA to function as a universal platform and combined with a disposable immunosensor array chip. After a competitive immunoassay and biotin−avidin recognition, the CL signals of luminol and hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by Co@DS captured on each testing zone of the array chip, were imaged simultaneously. Target mycotoxins can be quantitated by CL intensities. To validate the concept, the CL imaging approach was employed for joint determination of aflatoxin B 1 , ochratoxins A, and zearalenone. Under optimal conditions, it showed advantages including simple sample pretreatment, acceptable throughput, high accuracy, minimal sample consumption, broad linear ranges, and detection limits as low as 0.75, 0.62, and 0.61 pg mL −1 , respectively. Furthermore, the approach was applied in analyzing real coix seed samples, showcasing excellent performance in effectively distinguishing qualified and contaminated medicine, revealing the great potential in managing the complex issue of mycotoxins cocontamination in food and medicine.
Wheat flour is basic diet in Asian countries. Quality of wheat flour and milling process has been changing day by day which have profound impact on nutrition value of wheat flour. Objective: To carry out Nutritional assessment of whole and refined wheat flour grinded locally at 13 mills of Hyderabad to determine presence of essential and toxic metals. Methods: Whole and refined wheat flour were randomly collected from 13 flour mills of Hyderabad for determination of moisture, ash, fat, fiber, carbohydrates, proteins, essential (Fe, Zn and Mn) and Toxic (Cd, Cr, Pb and Cu) metals with standard scientific methods. Results: High moisture has been recorded in F.M.13 mill in whole and refined flour as 12.5% and 11.8% respectively where as low moisture 7.1% has been found in whole flour in F.M.10 mill and 7.4% in refined flour in F.M.01 mill. F.M.04 contains high Iron in whole and refined wheat flour as 0.91±1.1 and 0.74±0.5mg/kg respectively. Zinc content has been high in F.M.10 and F.M.11 as 9.95±5.6mg/kg and 8.66±5.1mg/kg respectively. Cadmium has been high in F.M.09 as 0.06±0.01mg/kg in refined flour whereas Lead has been high in F.M.09 as 0.28±0.13mg/kg in whole wheat flour. Conclusions: Carbohydrates have been high whereas fiber and protein has been low in refined flour. Fe, Zn and Mn has been significantly low whereas Cd, Pb, Cr and Cu has been significantly high in refined wheat flour. It is concluded that consumption of whole wheat flour is better than refined wheat flour.
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