Co-continuous phase structure formed in melt processing inducing shear bands to prevent crack propagation: Significant improvement in impact toughness of PMMA

Mao, Zepeng; Jiang, Tiankai; Zhang, Xueqiang; Jiang, Guodong; Zhang, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106425

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…As a result, deformation occurred solely through uniaxial elongation [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. This test method is known to be effective for assessing the toughness of polymer blends [ 6 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The toughness values of the U-notched matrix resin specimens, the PMMA/PR blends, and the PMMA/SMM/PR blends determined through three-point bending analysis are shown in Figure 8 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wang et al fabricated porous nanocellular PMMA/thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) that significantly improved toughness and promoted molecular chain movement, slippage, and nanofibrilization [5]. Mao et al blended chlorinated polyethylene (40 wt %) and PMMA to form a co-continuous structure that increased impact resistance 26-fold relative to that of PMMA [6]. Blending PMMA with 20-30 wt % of a rubber or elastomeric component can provide sufficient impact resistance and ductility, and the stiffness of the resulting PMMA-based polymer blends is significantly lower [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical and Morphological Properties of Tough and Transparent PMMA-Based Blends Modified with Polyrotaxane

et al. 2020

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We prepared several novel, tough, and transparent poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends modified with polyrotaxane (PR) and evaluated their physical properties and morphologies. A styrene/methyl methacrylate/maleic anhydride (SMM) copolymer that was miscible with PMMA was used as a reactive compatibilizer to enhance interfacial adhesion between the matrix resin and PR. A twin-screw melt-kneading extruder was used to prepare the polymer blends, and their thermal, morphological, optical, and mechanical properties were characterized. The effect of PR was evaluated by analyzing the deformation behavior of the blends in notched three-point bending tests. A PMMA/PR blend was immiscible and appeared to be a phase-separated system. However, when SMM was added as a compatibilizer, PR was partially miscible and did not form observable PR domains. Viscosity increased, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the matrix resin decreased. The surface hardness of a PMMA/SMM/PR blend was only 15% lower than that of PMMA. A 2.5-fold increase in elongation at breakage was observed, and the tensile strength and Young’s modulus decreased by 16%. The PMMA/SMM/PR blend had 60% higher impact strength than PMMA in notched Charpy impact test, which indicated that the balance between stiffness and ductility was excellent. PR served as a starting point for plastic deformation in the PMMA/SMM/PR blend. We found that PR could initiate void and craze formation, even when it was finely dispersed at the nanoscale. The stress-relieving effect of PR was effective when it was tightly bound at the interfaces. The materials obtained in this study are expected to make a significant contribution to reducing the weight of the products by applying them as a replacement for glass.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Morphological Properties of Tough and Transparent PMMA-Based Blends Modified with Polyrotaxane

et al. 2020

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“…However, the viscosity of S/P50 was slightly higher than that of S/P30, which indicated a higher interfacial strength between the two phases. 38 This may be caused by the more obvious co-continuous structure of S/P50, which resulted in lower interfacial tension and greater network connectivity.…”

Section: Rheological Properties Of Sebs/pp Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastic melt-blown nonwoven fabrication of styrene‐ethylene/butylene‐styrene copolymer and polypropylene blends: a study of morphology and properties

Lan

et al. 2021

Textile Research Journal

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Fabrics produced by the melt-blown nonwoven process have the advantage over competing materials of possessing an ultrafine fibrous and porous structure. However, their brittleness and poor toughness restrict their wider application. There is increasing demand for nonwovens that have high stretchability and elasticity while maintaining a melt-blown structure. In this study, polypropylene (PP) and styrene‐ethylene/butylene‐styrene copolymer (SEBS) were blended at different ratios and subsequently used in the melt-blowing process. The morphology of the blends displayed a co-continuous structure when the ratio of SEBS to PP in blends was similar. Furthermore, it was found that all the blends had good spinnability from the melt-blowing process during rheological and thermal properties tests. All the elastic melt-blown nonwovens fabricated in this research had elongations higher than 400% and elastic recoveries higher than 50%, which was indicative of good elasticity. Meanwhile, the nonwovens maintained fine fiber diameters and good filtration properties, in keeping with traditional melt-blown nonwovens.

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“…5 Random copolymerization of rubber-toughened PMMA with suitable acrylic co-monomers can promote shear deformation over crazing, which results in a significant increase in fracture toughness. 2 Similar efforts in this area involve utilizing ethylene-vinyl-acetate, 6,7 an ethylene methacrylate copolymer, 8 chlorinated polyethylene, 9 poly-(urethane acrylate)-PMMA core−shell particles, 10 particle and polymer brushes star polymers with a core−shell architecture, 11 graphene nanosheets, 12 carbon nanofibers, 13 cellulose, 14 and alumina. 15,16 The above approaches have shown potential to improve the fracture toughness of PMMA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Random copolymerization of rubber-toughened PMMA with suitable acrylic co-monomers can promote shear deformation over crazing, which results in a significant increase in fracture toughness . Similar efforts in this area involve utilizing ethylene-vinyl-acetate, , an ethylene methacrylate copolymer, chlorinated polyethylene, poly(urethane acrylate)-PMMA core–shell particles, particle and polymer brushes star polymers with a core–shell architecture, graphene nanosheets, carbon nanofibers, cellulose, and alumina. , The above approaches have shown potential to improve the fracture toughness of PMMA. However, incorporating low T g inclusions may cause adverse effects on the modulus of the PMMA matrix, especially since high loading is typically required for the substantial toughening effect, which may also compromise the yield stress and transparency of the matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture Behavior of Polyrotaxane-Toughened Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)

et al. 2022

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The fracture behavior of polyrotaxane (PR)-modified poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was investigated. PR is a supramolecule with rings threaded onto a linear backbone chain, which is capped by bulky end groups to prevent the rings from de-threading. The ring structure is α-cyclodextrin (CD), and it can be functionalized to enhance its affinity with the hosting polymer matrix. Adding only 1 wt % of PR containing methacrylate functional groups (mPR) at the terminal of some of the polycaprolactone-grafted chains on CD promotes massive crazing, resulting in a significant improvement in fracture toughness while maintaining the modulus and transparency of the PMMA matrix. Dynamic mechanical analysis and atomic force microscopy studies reveal that mPR strongly interact with PMMA, leading to higher molecular mobility and enhanced molecular cooperativity during deformation. This molecular cooperativity may be responsible for the formation of massive crazing in a PMMA matrix, which leads to greatly improved fracture toughness.

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Co-continuous phase structure formed in melt processing inducing shear bands to prevent crack propagation: Significant improvement in impact toughness of PMMA

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Physical and Morphological Properties of Tough and Transparent PMMA-Based Blends Modified with Polyrotaxane

Physical and Morphological Properties of Tough and Transparent PMMA-Based Blends Modified with Polyrotaxane

Elastic melt-blown nonwoven fabrication of styrene‐ethylene/butylene‐styrene copolymer and polypropylene blends: a study of morphology and properties

Fracture Behavior of Polyrotaxane-Toughened Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)

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