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Atmospheric CO 2 concentrations keep increasing at intensifying rates due to rising energy and material demands. The chemical production industry is a large energy consumer, responsible for up to 935 Mt of CO 2 emissions per year, and decarbonization is its major goal moving forward. One of the primary sources of energy consumption and CO 2 emissions in the chemical sector is associated with the production and use of heat for material synthesis, which conventionally was generated through the combustion of fossil fuels. To address this grand challenge, Joule heating has emerged as an alternative heating method that greatly increases process efficiency, reducing both energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In this Review, we discuss the key concepts that govern these Joule heating processes including material selection and reactor design, as well as the current state-of-the-art in the literature for employing these processes to synthesize commodity chemicals along with advanced materials such as graphene, metal species, and metal carbides. Finally, we provide a perspective on future research avenues within this field, which can facilitate the widespread adoption of Joule heating for decarbonizing industrial processes.
Atmospheric CO 2 concentrations keep increasing at intensifying rates due to rising energy and material demands. The chemical production industry is a large energy consumer, responsible for up to 935 Mt of CO 2 emissions per year, and decarbonization is its major goal moving forward. One of the primary sources of energy consumption and CO 2 emissions in the chemical sector is associated with the production and use of heat for material synthesis, which conventionally was generated through the combustion of fossil fuels. To address this grand challenge, Joule heating has emerged as an alternative heating method that greatly increases process efficiency, reducing both energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In this Review, we discuss the key concepts that govern these Joule heating processes including material selection and reactor design, as well as the current state-of-the-art in the literature for employing these processes to synthesize commodity chemicals along with advanced materials such as graphene, metal species, and metal carbides. Finally, we provide a perspective on future research avenues within this field, which can facilitate the widespread adoption of Joule heating for decarbonizing industrial processes.
Обобщены и систематизированы литературные данные (с акцентом на результаты, опубликованные в последние годы), касающиеся применения в химии метана "одноатомных" катализаторов—гетерогенных каталитических контактов последнего поколения с активными металлическими центрами в виде одиночных атомов, закрепленными на подложке из неорганического материала. Рассмотрены особенности активации молекулы CH<sub>4</sub> на поверхности таких катализаторов, проведено сравнение их поведения с поведением других известных гетерогенно-каталитических контактов, содержащих металлические нанокластеры или наночастицы активного металла, в процессах прямой окислительной и неокислительной конверсии метана в различные химические соединения. Проанализирована эффективность применения "одноатомных" катализаторов разного состава и разных модификаций (нанесенные одиночные металлические атомы, моно- и полиметаллические "одноатомные" контакты, системы сложного дисперсного состава и др.) в таких реакциях с участием метана, как сухой, паровой, окислительный риформинг, парциальное окисление в метанол, окислительное карбонилирование и карбоксилирование в уксусную кислоту, неокислительная и окислительная конденсация метана в этан(этилен), дегидроароматизация CH<sub>4</sub>, метилирование метаном бензола. Обсуждены новые возможности, открывающиеся в химии метана при использовании "одноатомных" катализаторов.<br> Библиография —307 ссылок
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