Co-Creating Service Concepts for the Built Environment Based on the End-User’s Daily Activities Analysis: KTH Live-in-Lab Explorative Case Study

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to synthesize the widely used theories about co-creation from two main perspectives: co-creation as an innovation process and co-creation as a design process applied to the service concept design in the built environment context. The architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry do not have much application of end-user-oriented service design in general, especially with intensive co-creation processes. To facilitate such a process, we are using a living lab environment as a laboratorial model of the real built environment, but with the opportunity to have access to the end-users and different types of stakeholders. Using the KTH Live-in-Lab explorative case study, we were able to discuss the concept of co-creation by distinguishing between co-creation as innovation and co-creation as a design process, facilitating the process of co-creation of service concepts for the proposed built environment including methods from both perspectives: innovation and design, and evaluating the process of service concepts co-creation for the built environment from the point of innovation, knowledge transfer, sustainability, and user experience.

End Use Energy Services Framework Co-Creation with Multiple Stakeholders—A Living Lab-Based Case Study

“…As indicated, this familiar context may take the shape of a controlled lab setting which mimics the day-to-day usage context. The environments are selected and managed by living lab practitioners so as to allow the involvement of different types of stakeholders in innovation activities, the introduction of new technologies in realistic circumstances, the monitoring of their acceptance, usage, and effects, and so on [9]. KTH Live-In Lab is a multiple-testbed platform for accelerated innovation in the AEC (architecture, engineering, and construction) industry, and for collaboration between academia and business sectors [54].…”

“…The openness of participants for an iterative process of co-creation (often the process of co-creation brings the questions of openness and ownership, what might become a barrier for taking participation). These questions are not part of this paper's discussion but are well covered in [9] A two-step co-creation process followed this with stakeholders, experts, and end users at KTH Live-in-Lab [10,11] to create the framework and verify the final content and structure. The framework thus developed, adopts a two-dimensional approach (energy and human systems), and splits the service design process into three stages i.e., strategic planning stage, service design stage, and solution stage.…”

Living Labs Past Achievements, Current Developments, and Future Trajectories

“…The articles cover all the LL generations. For example, [30,31] document LLs in the context of agriculture and health care, and such articles represent a tradition of firstgeneration LLs, while [27][28][29], focus on co-creation, its process and phases in LLs in secondgeneration LLs. Greve et al [23], Bronson et al [24], Engez et al [25], and Cuomo et al [26] in turn offer various conceptualizations for LLs, which are part of discussion of thirdgeneration LLs.…”

“…Malakhatka et al [29] describe the methodologies of LLs. Thus, the authors analyze one built LL environment in Sweden through two lenses of co-creation.…”

“…In this vein, McPhee et al [30] call for future research to future conceptualize agroecosystem LLs and their unique characteristics. Studies also emphasize the need for further studies of co-creation processes, their phases, methods, and stakeholders associated processes and phases [27][28][29]31]. Engez et al [24] also propose further research on understanding development of ecosystems and their roles in LLs.…”