“…The field of marketing has recently seen a shift in terms of increasing the involvement of consumers in the creation of brand identities, experiences, communications, and even products (Hoyer et al, 2010). This trend, wherein both consumers and producers collaborate to create value (Voyer, Kastanakis & Rhode, 2017), has been conceptualized as "co-creation" in the literature (Pongsakornrungsilp & Schroeder, 2011), referring to the active involvement of endusers in various stages of the production process (Prahalad & Ramaswamy, 2000;Vargo & Lusch 2004), and is grounded in the concept of interaction (Ramaswamy & Ozcan 2018). For instance, firms might involve consumers in the ideation stage, in the evaluation of new ideas or product designs, and/or in the launch of products (Chang & Taylor, 2016).…”