Co-Entrapment of Sorafenib and Cisplatin Drugs and iRGD Tumour Homing Peptide by Poly[ε-caprolactone-co-(12-hydroxystearate)] Copolymer

Abstract

The drug-loaded nanocarriers have overcome various challenges compared with the pure chemotherapeutic drug, such as limited bioavailability, multiple drug resistance, poor patient compliance, and adverse drug reactions, offering advantages such as protection from degradation in the blood stream, better drug solubility, and improved drug stability. One promising group of controlled and targeted drug delivery systems is polymer-based nanoparticles that can sustain the release of the active agent by diffusion and their degradation. Sorafenib is the only drug that can prolong the life of patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma. Cisplatin remains one of the most widely used broad-spectrum anticancer drugs for the treatment of a variety of solid tumours. Nanoformulations can exert a synergistic effect by entrapping two drugs with different modes of action, such as sorafenib and cisplatin. In our study, polymeric nanoparticles were prepared with a good production yield by an improved double emulsion solvent evaporation method using the copolymer of 12-hydroxystearic acid with ε-caprolactone (12CL), a biocatalytically synthesised biocompatible and biodegradable carrier, for the co-entrapment of sorafenib and cisplatin in nanotherapeutics. A bovine serum albumin (BSA) model compound was used to increase the cisplatin incorporation; then, it was successfully substituted by a iRGD tumour penetrating peptide that might provide a targeting function of the nanoparticles.

Niosomes: Composition, Formulation Techniques, and Recent Progress as Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy

“…Advanced techniques, strategies, and materials to fight cancer have been the subject of tremendous research efforts over the past decades [ 5 , 8 , 54 ]. Nanotechnologies have become widely investigated for cancer treatment, in line with advances in biotechnology, to enhance safety, accuracy, and effectiveness by utilizing the unique properties of designed nanomaterials [ 54 , 55 ].…”

“…Typical examples include gold and silver nanoparticles, nano-vesicle systems, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nano-micelles, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, etc. [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In addition, using interdisciplinary approaches, the results of biotechnology, nanomaterials, pharmaceutical science, artificial intelligence, and genetic engineering can be applied in the field of healthcare systems, known as nanomedicine [ 4 , 9 , 10 ].…”

A Comprehensive Review on Niosomes in Drug Delivery and Recent Advancements

“…3 Examples include gold and silver nanoparticles, nanovesicle systems, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanomicelles, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and other similar entities. 4,5,6 Furthermore, advances in biotechnology, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical science, artificial intelligence, and genetic engineering may be used to healthcare systems, a field known as nanomedicine. 7,8,9,10 Researchers are focusing on the creation of new nano-systems that control the release of diverse physiologically active substances, as well as the manufacturing of nanomaterials.…”