Co-evolution of oceans, climate, and the biosphere during the ‘Ordovician Revolution’: A review

Algeo, Thomas J.; Marenco, Pedro J.; Saltzman, Matthew R.

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.05.015

Cited by 175 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…These events included the Hirnantian glaciation and deglaciation, one of the 'Big Five' mass extinctions and a post-extinction faunal recovery, large sea-level changes, and the widespread deposition of organic-rich shales (see review in Algeo et al, 2016). The relationships among these events are still not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and regional controls on marine redox changes across the Ordovician-Silurian boundary in South China

Liu

Algeo

et al. 2016

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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The Ordovician-Silurian (O-S) transition coincided with significant environmental and biological changes. In South China, the Yangtze Platform experienced both global and regional events at this time, including sea-level fluctuations, tectonic movements, volcanic eruptions, mass extinction, and widespread anoxia. The O-S transitional strata of the Yangtze Platform comprise organic-rich black shales that are an important oil source rock. To explore the evolution of watermass chemistry and its relationship to organic matter accumulation, we conducted an integrated Fe-S-C geochemical study (i.e., Fe-speciation, δ 13 C org , δ 34 S py , pyrite-S and TOC) of the O-S boundary sections at Datianba (Chongqing Municipality) and Shuanghe (Sichuan Province). These sections were located in the restricted inner Yangtze Sea, in contrast to the previously studied Wangjiawan section, which was deposited in a more open setting of the outer Yangtze Sea. In contrast to the well-oxygenated conditions at Wangjiawan, the Datianba and Shuanghe sections record persistently anoxic, and episodically euxinic, conditions during the Hirnantian, which can be explained by the unique paleogeography and restricted hydrography of the inner Yangtze Sea. We propose that the regional Kwangsian Orogeny, which was driven by collision of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks, played a key role in basin development, watermass chemistry changes, and accumulation of Wufeng Formation black shales within the Yangtze Sea. The more widespread black shales of the Lower Silurian Lungmachi Formation were linked to the post-Hirnantian global marine transgression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and regional controls on marine redox changes across the Ordovician-Silurian boundary in South China

Liu

Algeo

et al. 2016

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…Synthesis of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, modified after Algeo et al . (). Mean standing diversity of marine invertebrates compiled by Kröger & Lintulaakso (); sea‐level curve after Haq & Schutter (); carbon isotope curve after Bergström et al .…”

Section: Duration Of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (Gmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The ‘Plankton Revolution’ was probably triggered by global oceanographic changes (Algeo et al . ; Servais et al . ) and/or increasing sea levels (Fig.…”

Section: Duration Of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE): definition, concept and duration

Servais

Harper

2018

LET

178

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The Ordovician biodiversification has been recognized since the 1960s; the term ‘The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event’, abbreviated by many as the ‘GOBE’, has been used for the past 20 years. The conceptual development and terminology applied to this crucial episode in marine life signify its considerable complexity. The GOBE includes successive biodiversity phases of the pelagic and benthic biotas, possibly decoupled. Put simply, the GOBE can be seen as a sequence of diversifications of the planktonic (late Cambrian–Early Ordovician), level‐bottom benthic (Early–Middle Ordovician) and reef communities (Middle–Late Ordovician), although the boundaries of these ‘events’ are diachronous (as for the entire GOBE), and it is logical to assume that these communities co‐evolved and interacted. The GOBE also includes several Biotic Immigration Events (BIMEs), such as the ‘Richmondian Invasion’ and the ‘Boda Event’, recording the large‐scale dispersal of taxa from one biogeographical area to another. The GOBE is thus the sum of the diversity trends of all individual fossil groups showing rapid increases, diachronously, during different intervals and across different regions. It thus spans the entire Ordovician, capturing the increasing total diversity of marine organisms during the period. The GOBE is not simply one, but many sequential events.

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“…; Algeo et al . ; Rasmussen et al . ), but it is difficult to link global‐scale patterns with increased speciation events directly.…”

Section: Speciation During the Gobementioning

confidence: 99%

How is biodiversity produced? Examining speciation processes during the GOBE

Stigall

2018

LET

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The accumulation of diversity is dependent on the production (and subsequent continuation) of new species; thus, it is important to contextualize the Great Biodiversification Event (GOBE) as the sum of a series of individual speciation events. Studies of speciation processes are only beginning to emerge for the GOBE, but early analyses of brachiopods and other taxa suggest that such research questions are tractable given appropriate data sets and analyses. In order to understand the GOBE, it is important to move from correlating diversity trends with environmental changes to explicitly assessing how correlative Earth system processes can facilitate the process and mechanisms of speciation. Explicit consideration of the hierarchical structure and biogeographical aspects of evolutionary processes provides a dynamic perspective to analyse speciation. Biogeographical processes of dispersal and vicariance provide the link between local and global diversity levels, and oscillations between these two biogeographical modalities can generate an effective speciation dynamo. Geographical isolation due to palaeogeography, numerous interoceanic islands, tectonism, glacial–interglacial cycles and newly developed habitat heterogeneity were likely key factors in promoting speciation. Understanding the processes that produced the GOBE will require careful consideration of the oceanic, climatic and tectonic processes operating during the Early Palaeozoic as well as the speciation process itself.

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Co-evolution of oceans, climate, and the biosphere during the ‘Ordovician Revolution’: A review

Cited by 175 publications

References 180 publications

Global and regional controls on marine redox changes across the Ordovician-Silurian boundary in South China

Global and regional controls on marine redox changes across the Ordovician-Silurian boundary in South China

The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE): definition, concept and duration

How is biodiversity produced? Examining speciation processes during the GOBE

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