Co-existence of the pectoralis quartus and pectoralis intermedius muscles

Arican, Ramazan Yavuz; Coskun, Nigar; Sarıkcıoğlu, Levent; Sindel, Muzaffer; Oğuz, Nurettin

doi:10.1016/s1286-0115(06)74497-6

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The pectoralis quartus has been reported to be innervated by the MPN (e.g., Birmingham,1889), although a report of innervation by the fourth intercostal nerve is also present (Arican et al,2006). The pectoralis quartus (e.g., Huntington,1904) is mainly considered to derive from the panniculus carnosus.…”

Section: Pns In Anatomical Variations Of the Pectoral Girdle Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical anatomy of the pectoral nerves and the pectoral musculature

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The pectoral nerves (PNs) may be selectively injured through various traumatic mechanisms such as direct trauma, hypertrophic muscle compression, and iatrogenic injuries (breast surgery and axillary node dissection, pectoralis major muscle transfers). The PN may be surgically recovered through nerve transfers. They may also be used as donors to the musculocutaneous, axillary, long thoracic, and spinal accessory nerves and for reinnervation of myocutaneous free flaps. Thus, in this article, we reviewed the surgical anatomy of PN. A meta-analysis of the available literature showed that the lateral pectoral nerve (LPN) arises most frequently with two branches from the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks (33.8%) or as a single root from the lateral cord (23.4%). The medial pectoral nerve (MPN) usually arises from the medial cord (49.3%), anterior division of the lower trunk (43.8%), or lower trunk (4.7%). The two PN are usually connected immediately distal to the thoracoacromial artery by the so-called ansa pectoralis. The MPN may also show communications with the intercostobrachial nerve. In 50%-100% of cases, it may pass, at least with some branches, through the pectoralis minor muscle. The LPN supplies the upper portions of the pectoralis major muscle; the MPN innervates the lower parts of the pectoralis major and the pectoralis minor muscle. Among the accessory muscles of the pectoral girdle, the LPN may also innervate the tensor semivaginae articulationis humero-scapularis, pectoralis minimus, sternoclavicularis, axillary arch, sternalis, and infraclavicularis muscles; the MPN may innervate the pectoralis quartus, chondrofascialis, axillary arch, chondroepitrochlearis, and sternalis muscles.

show abstract

Section: Pns In Anatomical Variations Of the Pectoral Girdle Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical anatomy of the pectoral nerves and the pectoral musculature

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On dissection 1 body in 20 shows, the presence of vertical musculoaponeurotic fibres on the surface of the pectoralis major alongside the sternum called rectus sternalis muscle (McMINN, 1998). Some authors find it to be a variation of pectoralis major muscle when innervated by pectoral nerves, while others find that because it is often innervated by intercostal nerves, it is an aberrant abdominal muscle (ATRICAN, COSKUN, SARIKCIOGLU et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pectoral-sternalis complex: an unusual case report

Bala¹,

Passi²,

Kaushal

2014

J Morphol Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A unilateral absence of sternocostal fibers of pectoralis major muscle with unilateral presence of sternalis muscle has been noticed in right side of an adult male cadaver during routine dissection. All slips of pectoralis major muscle as well sternalis muscle innervated by medial and lateral pectoral nerves. Absence of pectoralis major has been described extensively, both as an isolated anomaly, with varying levels of hypoplasia, and in association with congenital syndromes. But the partial hypoplasia of pectoralis muscle with compensatory presence of one of the rare muscle of anterior thoracic wall the sternalis muscle make this case as unique and rare. This finding adds to our existing knowledge for the origin of sternalis, an identity not explored fully yet. Awareness of anomalous pectoralis major musculature as well presence of sternalis muscle is important for reconstructive surgeons who perform mastectomy and for radiologists during interpretation of skiagrams.

show abstract

“…Also, HS05 had one cranial and one caudal deep fascicle (Figure 2), the latter of which had a similar disposition to that of two of our common chimpanzees (VUPT06 and VUPT07) and three of our bonobos (ZIMS164031, ZIMS164041, and ZIMS164052). These deep supernumerary fascicles should not be confused with a pectoralis intermedius muscle, which is also located between the pectoralis major and the pectoralis minor but which is inserted at the coracoid process [29] or the tendon of the short head of the biceps brachii [50] or converges with the pectoralis minor [33]. None of our common chimpanzees, bonobos, or humans had a pectoralis intermedius.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter- and Intraspecific Variations in the Pectoral Muscles of Common Chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes), Bonobos(Pan paniscus), and Humans(Homo sapiens)

Potau

Arias-Martorell

Bello-Hellegouarch

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have analyzed anatomic variations in the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles of common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) and compared them to anatomic variations in these muscles in humans (Homo sapiens). We have macroscopically dissected these muscles in six adult Pan troglodytes, five Pan paniscus of ages ranging from fetus to adult, and five adult Homo sapiens. Although Pan troglodytes are thought to lack a separate pectoralis abdominis muscle, we have identified this muscle in three of the Pan troglodytes; none of the Pan paniscus, however, had this muscle. We have also found deep supernumerary fascicles in the pectoralis major of two Pan troglodytes and all five Pan paniscus. In all six Pan troglodytes, the pectoralis minor was inserted at the supraspinatus tendon, while, in Pan paniscus and Homo sapiens, it was inserted at the coracoid process of the scapula. Some of the anatomic features and variations of these muscles in common chimpanzees and bonobos are similar to those found in humans, therefore enhancing our knowledge of primate comparative anatomy and evolution and also shedding light on several clinical issues.

show abstract

Co-existence of the pectoralis quartus and pectoralis intermedius muscles

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Surgical anatomy of the pectoral nerves and the pectoral musculature

Surgical anatomy of the pectoral nerves and the pectoral musculature

The pectoral-sternalis complex: an unusual case report

Inter- and Intraspecific Variations in the Pectoral Muscles of Common Chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes), Bonobos(Pan paniscus), and Humans(Homo sapiens)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About