Co-expression and impact of prostate specific membrane antigen and prostate specific antigen in prostatic pathologies

Abstract

BackgroundThe present study was undertaken to relate the co-expression of prostate-associated antigens, PSMA and PSA, with the degree of vascularization in normal and pathologic (hyperplasia and cancer) prostate tissues to elucidate their possible role in tumor progression.MethodsThe study was carried out in 6 normal, 44 benign prostatic hyperplastic and 39 cancerous human prostates. Immunohistochemical analysis were performed using the monoclonal antibody CD34 to determine the angiogenic activity, and the monoclonal antibodies 3E6 and ER-PR8 to assess PSMA and PSA expression, respectively.ResultsIn our study we found that in normal prostate tissue, PSMA and PSA were equally expressed (3.7 ± 0.18 and 3.07 ± 0.11). A significant difference in their expression was see in hyperplastic and neoplastic prostates tissues (16.14 ± 0.17 and 30.72 ± 0.85, respectively) for PSMA and (34.39 ± 0.53 and 17.85 ± 1.21, respectively) for PSA. Study of prostate tumor profiles showed that the profile (PSA+, PSMA-) expression levels decreased between normal prostate, benign prostatic tissue and primary prostate cancer. In the other hand, the profile (PSA-, PSMA+) expression levels increased from normal to prostate tumor tissues. PSMA overexpression was associated with high intratumoral angiogenesis activity. By contrast, high PSA expression was associated with low angiogenesis activity.ConclusionThese data suggest that these markers are regulated differentially and the difference in their expression showed a correlation with malignant transformation. With regard to the duality PSMA-PSA, this implies the significance of their investigation together in normal and pathologic prostate tissues.

Differences in the expression of telomerase and prostate-specific membrane antigen in non-advanced prostatic cancer

“…In our series, the expression of PSMA was significantly greater in higher tumor advancement and grade and was larger than that of PSA in poorly differentiated tumors, which confirms earlier studies [19]. Our finding is consistent with previous reports using immunohistochemistry and multiplex PCR reaction to demonstrate the association between PSMA and tumor progression [37,38]. The mean LI PSMA value in our study was 44.1% and was within the range (30-100%) given by different authors [19,20,36,37].…”

“…Our finding is consistent with previous reports using immunohistochemistry and multiplex PCR reaction to demonstrate the association between PSMA and tumor progression [37,38]. The mean LI PSMA value in our study was 44.1% and was within the range (30-100%) given by different authors [19,20,36,37]. The difference in the mean values might be caused by non-equal number of cases in the analyzed tumor grade groups (value ranges were similar).…”

68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Detects the Location and Extent of Primary Prostate Cancer

“…This discordance together with the limited spatial resolution of PET limits the accuracy of PSMA-based tumor characterization and might well have caused false-negative findings by 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Furthermore, primary lesions often coexist with hyperplasia, which is associated with increased PSMA expression (16). The high background signal of the prostate may mask the difference between histopathology-positive and -negative segments, especially in those segments with a GS of 6 or a low STB.…”

How prostate-specific membrane antigen level may be correlated with stemness in prostate cancer stem cell-like cell populations?

“…It has been shown that when the PSMA -/PSA + profile decreased in normal prostates, benign prostatic tissue, and primary prostate cancers, the PSMA + /PSAlevel increased from normal to prostate tumor tissues. Generally, researchers support the idea that the amount of PSMA and/or PSA in healthy men is low in the blood and it increases either with age or because of inflammation of prostate gland (prostatitis) or prostatecancer [16,17,21,22,23] To decrease the side effects of any prostate therapy, it is crucial to develop a good screening pattern for preventing the disease. Finding a tumor at an early stage may be easier to treat before it will cause serious symptoms.…”