Co‐Expression of c‐Fos with Oestradiol Receptor α or Somatostatin in the Arcuate Nucleus, Ventromedial Nucleus and Medial Preoptic Area in the Follicular Phase of Intact Ewes: Alteration after Insulin‐Induced Hypoglycaemia

Fergani, Chrysanthi; Routly, J.E.; Jones, D Neil; Pickavance, L; Smith, Robert F.; Dobson, H.

doi:10.1111/rda.12450

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Thus, a reduction in stimulatory kisspeptin cell activation is not part of the GnRH/LH inhibiting mechanism after PVN activation by insulin. However, there is increased SST activation in the VMN along with decreased ER activation in the mPOA: patterns similar to those after LPS indicating a common pathway (Fergani et al, 2015).…”

Section: Effects Of Acute Insulin Treatment On Ewe Hypothalamic Neuromentioning

confidence: 57%

“…There are also reciprocal links between the ARC and VMN, as well as significant connections to both areas from the PVN (Qi et al, 2008). Regarding neurotransmitters involved in these links, many neurones within the ARC and VMN contain ER, beta-endorphin, dopamine or somatostatin (SST); but existence of any co-localisations in the ewe require more studies (Jansen et al, 1997;Elmquist 2001;Qi et al, 2008;Fergani et al, 2015). Nevertheless, GnRH release is modulated by a specific sequence of interactions between the mPOA, ARC and the VMN.…”

Section: Further In Vivo Studies On Regulation Of Gnrh In Intact Contmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the trade-off between the environment and fertility in cows and ewes

2020

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The environment contributes to production diseases that in turn badly affect cow performance, fertility and culling. Oestrus intensity is lower in lame cows, and in all cows 26% potential oestrus events are not expressed (to avoid getting pregnant). To understand these trade-offs, we need to know how animals react to their environment and how the environment influences hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) interactions with the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis (HPO). Neurotransmitters control secretion of GnRH into hypophyseal portal blood. GnRH/LH pulse amplitude and frequency drive oestradiol production, culminating in oestrus behaviour and a precisely-timed GnRH/LH surge, all of which are disrupted by poor environments. Responses to peripheral neuronal agents give clues about mechanisms, but do these drugs alter perception of stimuli, or suppress consequent responses? In vitro studies confirm some neuronal interactions between the HPA and HPO; and immuno-histochemistry clarifies the location and sequence of inter-neurone activity within the brain. In both species, exogenous corticoids, ACTH and/or CRH act at the pituitary (reduce LH release by GnRH), and hypothalamus (lower GnRH pulse frequency and delay surge release). This requires inter-neurones as GnRH cells do not have receptors for HPA compounds. There are two (simultaneous, therefore fail-safe?) pathways for CRH suppression of GnRH release via CRH-Receptors: one being the regulation of kisspeptin/dynorphin and other cell types in the hypothalamus, and the other being the direct contact between CRH and GnRH cell terminals in the median eminence. When we domesticate animals, we must provide the best possible environment otherwise animals trade-off with lower production, less intense oestrus behaviour, and impaired fertility. Avoiding lifetime peri-parturient problems by managing persistent lactations in cows may be a worthy trade-off on both welfare and economic terms-better than the camouflage use of drugs/hormones/feed additives/intricate technologies? In the long term, getting animals and environment in a more harmonious balance is the ultimate strategy.

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Section: Effects Of Acute Insulin Treatment On Ewe Hypothalamic Neuromentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Further In Vivo Studies On Regulation Of Gnrh In Intact Contmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the trade-off between the environment and fertility in cows and ewes

2020

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Central Mechanisms of Glucose Sensing and Counterregulation in Defense of Hypoglycemia

2019

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Co‐Expression of c‐Fos with Oestradiol Receptor α or Somatostatin in the Arcuate Nucleus, Ventromedial Nucleus and Medial Preoptic Area in the Follicular Phase of Intact Ewes: Alteration after Insulin‐Induced Hypoglycaemia

Abstract: 28The aim of this study was to investigate how acute insulin-induced hypoglycaemia (IIH)

Cited by 2 publications

References 46 publications

Understanding the trade-off between the environment and fertility in cows and ewes

Understanding the trade-off between the environment and fertility in cows and ewes

Central Mechanisms of Glucose Sensing and Counterregulation in Defense of Hypoglycemia

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