Co-gasification of blended lignite and wood pellets in a dual fluidized bed steam gasifier: The influence of lignite to fuel ratio on NH 3 and H 2 S concentrations in the producer gas

Hongrapipat, Janjira; Saw, Woei L.; Pang, Shusheng

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.030

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Calcium can be found in feeds such as biosolids/sewage sludge [15][16][17][18], coal [19][20][21][22], and biomass [10,23,24], while potassium is found in biomass with an order of magnitude higher abundance than typically found in coal [23,25] or biosolids [26,27]. Biomass has been co-gasified with coal to increase the reaction rate by introducing more potassium [27][28][29][30][31][32]. The higher diffusivity (or mobility) of potassium compared to calcium during gasification has been used in the literature to explain why potassium is a more active gasification catalyst [33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of calcium and barium on potassium-catalyzed gasification of ash-free carbon black

Arnold

Hill

2019

Fuel

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Gasification of carbon black, an ash-free carbon feed, was performed with K2CO3 and either CaCO3 or BaCO3 as catalysts to examine their interaction. Mixtures were prepared by low-energy ball-milling, and then gasified with CO2 at 750-850 °C in a thermogravimetric analyzer. At temperatures below 800 °C, the presence of calcium had little impact on the potassium-catalyzed gasification of carbon black. At higher temperatures, calcium promoted the activity of potassium up to ~50 % conversion through the formation of a eutectic phase that increased the diffusivity of the potassium. At higher conversions, the tendency of CaCO3 to sinter and limit diffusion of CO2 to the carbon inhibited the reaction. BaCO3 also formed a eutectic phase with K2CO3 confirming that the phase change was beneficial. In contrast to CaCO3, however, BaCO3 does not sinter at 850 °C, such that gasification was promoted to complete conversion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of calcium and barium on potassium-catalyzed gasification of ash-free carbon black

Arnold

Hill

2019

Fuel

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“…This analysis of NH 3 and H 2 S followed the standards of ASTM D 1426-08 (standard test methods for ammonia nitrogen in water) and ASTM D 4658-09 (standard test method for sulphide ion in water), respectively. More details of the sampling and analysis of NH 3 and H 2 S concentrations in the producer gas from the DFB steam gasifier can be found in Hongrapipat et al [29].…”

Section: Sampling and Analysis Of Nh 3 And H 2 S In The Producer Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of NH3 and H2S from producer gas in a dual fluidised bed steam gasifier by optimisation of operation conditions and application of bed materials

Hongrapipat

Pang

Saw

2015

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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In the present study, in situ removal of ammonia (NH 3 ) and hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) in the producer gas has been investigated for steam gasification of woody biomass in a 100 kW dual fluidised bed (DFB) gasifier. The removal measures consist of optimisation of operation conditions and application of catalytic bed materials. The operation conditions investigated were gasification temperature in a range of 750 to 850°C, steam to fuel ratio from 0.6 to 1.4 kg/kg dry , and mean gas residence time from 0.19 to 0.25 s. The catalytic bed materials tested included silica, ilmenite and calcined olivine sands which were applied in the DFB steam gasifier. The concentrations of NH 3 and H 2 S in the producer gas were measured and the conversions of fuel nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) to form NH 3 and H 2 S were calculated based on the experimental results. The results showed that NH 3 and H 2 S concentrations and conversions increased with the gasification temperature and the steam to fuel ratio. However, with increase in the mean gas residence time, the NH 3 concentration and conversion increased whereas the H 2 S concentration and conversion slightly decreased. In addition, ilmenite sand and calcined olivine sand as the bed materials showed stronger influence on reduction of NH 3 and H 2 S concentrations as well as fuel-N and fuel-S conversions in comparison with silica sand.

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“…Although these pieces of research clearly show that sulfur compounds can be affected by a high plasma temperature, they involved different plasma sources and conditions that were significantly different from those in the present work. Therefore, the purpose of the present work is to investigate the fate of hydrogen sulfide (as the main S source in syngas [29]) during MW plasma valorization of simulated biomass-derived syngas. To fulfill this goal, a series of experiments with different gas compositions, based on real biomass-derived syngas and with the addition of hydrogen sulfide, is conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warm Plasma Application in Tar Conversion and Syngas Valorization: The Fate of Hydrogen Sulfide

Wnukowski

Moroń

2021

Energies

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Warm plasma techniques are considered a promising method of tar removal in biomass-derived syngas. The fate of another problematic syngas impurity—hydrogen sulfide—is studied in this work. It is revealed that processing simulated syngas with a microwave plasma results in hydrogen sulfide conversion. For different gas flow rates (20–40 NLPM) and hydrogen sulfide concentrations ranging from 250 ppm to 750 ppm, the conversion rate varies from ca. 26% to 45%. The main sulfur-containing products are carbon disulfide (ca. 30% of total sulfur) and carbonyl sulfide (ca. 8% of total sulfur). Besides them, significantly smaller quantities of sulfates and benzothiophene are also detected. The main components of syngas have a tremendous impact on the fate of hydrogen sulfide. While the presence of carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide, and tar surrogate (toluene) leads to the formation of carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, sulfur dioxide, and benzothiophene, respectively, the abundance of hydrogen results in the recreation of hydrogen sulfide. Consequently, the presence of hydrogen in the simulated syngas is the main factor that determines the low conversion rate of hydrogen sulfide. Conversion of hydrogen sulfide into various sulfur compounds might be problematic in the context of syngas purification and the application of the right technique for sulfur removal.

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Co-gasification of blended lignite and wood pellets in a dual fluidized bed steam gasifier: The influence of lignite to fuel ratio on NH 3 and H 2 S concentrations in the producer gas

Cited by 28 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of calcium and barium on potassium-catalyzed gasification of ash-free carbon black

Effect of calcium and barium on potassium-catalyzed gasification of ash-free carbon black

Removal of NH3 and H2S from producer gas in a dual fluidised bed steam gasifier by optimisation of operation conditions and application of bed materials

Warm Plasma Application in Tar Conversion and Syngas Valorization: The Fate of Hydrogen Sulfide

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