CO-GPS: Energy Efficient GPS Sensing with Cloud Offloading

Liu, Jie; Priyantha, Bodhi; Hart, Ted; Jin, Yuzhe; Lee, Woosuk; Raghunathan, Vijay; Ramos, Heitor S.; Wang, Qiang

doi:10.1109/tmc.2015.2446461

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…GPS and wireless positioning. Recent efforts [29,32,38] have attempted to improve the performance of GPS positioning. CO-GPS [29] designs a cloud-offloaded GPS solution to save energy for portable sensing devices.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While recent advances [4,50,51] use tunnel diodes to extend the coverage of backscatter communications, their sensitivity is still limited to around -90 dBm. On the other hand, existing GPS positioning algorithms [29,38] are no longer applicable in our scenarios since they do not consider the extra reflection paths created by backscatter tags.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GPSMirror: Expanding Accurate GPS Positioning to Shadowed and Indoor Regions with Backscatter

Dong

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

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Despite the prevalence of GPS services, it still suffers from intermittent positioning with poor accuracy in partially shadowed regions like urban canyons, flyover shadows, and factories' indoor areas. Existing wisdom relies on hardware modifications of GPS receivers or power-hungry infrastructures requiring continuous plug-in power supply which is hard to provide in outdoor regions and some factories. This paper fills the gap with GPSMirror, the first GPS-strengthening system that works for unmodified smartphones with the assistance of newly-designed GPS backscatter. The key enabling techniques in GPSMirror include: (i) a careful hardware design with 𝜇𝑊 -level power consumption that pushes the limit of backscatter sensitivity to re-radiate extremely weak GPS signals with enough coverage approaching the regulation limit; and (ii) a novel GPS positioning algorithms achieving meter-level accuracy in shadowed regions as well as expanding locatable regions under inadequate satellites where conventional algorithms fail. We build a prototype of the GPSMirror tags and conduct comprehensive experiments to evaluate it. Our results show that a GPSMirror tag can provide coverage up to 27.7 m. GPSMirror achieves median positioning accuracy of 3.7 m and 4.6 m in indoor and urban canyon environments respectively. CCS CONCEPTS• Information systems → Global positioning systems;• Hardware → Networking hardware.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPSMirror: Expanding Accurate GPS Positioning to Shadowed and Indoor Regions with Backscatter

Dong

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

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“…For instance in [17], the authors present the energy performance of commercial GNSS modules and propose energy-aware software scheduling algorithms to allow accurate trajectory tracking with increased energy efficiency. With the same goal in mind, the authors in [18] propose a solution where the GNSS data processing is offloaded in the cloud. However, this solution pays the improvement of energy efficiency with a low quality of service and high latency, plus the requirement of an Internet connection.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

RTK-LoRa: High-Precision, Long-Range, and Energy-Efficient Localization for Mobile IoT Devices

Mayer

Magno

Berger

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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High precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a crucial geo-localization feature enabling a wide range of applications, from mobile Internet of Things devices to autonomous drones and self-driving vehicles. Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is a GNSS technology that attracting increased interest due to the centimeter precision achievable when wireless communication is present on the devices. On the other hand, sending continuously wireless data increases the energy consumption and the cost of the solution, especially when communication is carried over the 4G network. Due to those drawbacks, RTK is not much exploited in the localization of battery-operated devices. This work combines RTK with lowpower long-range communication to achieve sub-meter precision in an energy-efficient RTK-based system. The proposed system exploits a state-of-the-art RTK-GNSS module combined with a long-range and low-power radio (LoRa) to achieve geo-localization with minimal wireless radio infrastructure requirements. An energy-efficient algorithm is proposed and implemented in a microcontroller to have a quick start-up and high accuracy. We evaluate three different GNSS modules and compare their performance in terms of power and accuracy. Experimental results, with in-field measurements, show that an average geo-localization precision of tens of centimeters is achievable on a battery-operated wireless endnode connected to a single base station used as a geostationary reference anchor placed at kilometers of distance. The peak precision measured is below 10 cm.

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“…They show that the energy consumption can be reduced 5-10 times than a standalone GPS, with a median positioning accuracy of 40 m. Liu et al design a cloud-offloaded GPS (CO-GPS) solution that allows a sensing device such as a mobile phone to duty-cycle its GPS receiver and log just a few milliseconds of raw GPS signal for post-processing. The position information is extracted later on a back-end server [14]. A novel multi-step algorithm for low-energy positioning using GPS is proposed by Orn et al [18].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hummingbird

Narayana

Prasad

Rao

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

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Global Positioning System is a widely adopted localization technique. With the increasing demand for small satellites, the need for a low-power GPS for satellites is also increasing. To enable many state-of-the-art applications, the exact position of the satellites is necessary. However, building low-power GPS receivers which operate in low earth orbit pose significant challenges. This is mainly due to the high speed (∼7.8 km/s) of small satellites. While dutycycling the receiver is a possible solution, the high relative Doppler shift between the GPS satellites and the small satellite contributes to the increase in Time To First Fix (TTFF), thus increasing the energy consumption. Further, if the GPS receiver is tumbling along with the small satellite on which it is mounted, longer TTFF may lead to no GPS fix due to disorientation of the receiver antenna. In this paper, we elucidate the design of a low-cost, low-power GPS receiver for small satellite applications. We also propose an energy optimization algorithm called F 3 to improve the TTFF which is the main contributor to the energy consumption during cold start. With simulations and in-orbit evaluation from a launched nanosatellite with our µGPS and high-end GPS simulators, we show that up to 96.16% of energy savings (consuming only ∼ 1 25 th energy compared to the state of the art) can be achieved using our algorithm without compromising much (∼10 m) on the navigation accuracy. The TTFF achieved is at most 33 s. CCS CONCEPTS• Theory of computation → Mathematical optimization; • Hardware → Sensor applications and deployments.

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CO-GPS: Energy Efficient GPS Sensing with Cloud Offloading

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

GPSMirror: Expanding Accurate GPS Positioning to Shadowed and Indoor Regions with Backscatter

GPSMirror: Expanding Accurate GPS Positioning to Shadowed and Indoor Regions with Backscatter

RTK-LoRa: High-Precision, Long-Range, and Energy-Efficient Localization for Mobile IoT Devices

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