Co-grinding LiCoO2 with PVC and water leaching of metal chlorides formed in ground product

Saeki, Shu; Lee, Jaeryeong; Zhang, Qiwu; Sanda, Fumio

doi:10.1016/j.minpro.2004.08.002

Cited by 109 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Concentrations >2% (v/v) have a limited impact on the level of metal recovery due to the instability of H 2 O 2 , which tends to undergo enhanced levels of decomposition at higher concentrations, especially when subject to the elevated temperature used in these experiments [25]. This decomposition behavior of the peroxide is further evidenced by the stabilization of the recorded ORP at around 400 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl), which suggests that further additions of H 2 O 2 have no influence on the reductive nature of the leach solution.…”

Section: Leaching In Sulfuric Acid With Different Reducing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is becoming increasingly important due to the depletion of natural resources and potential pollution from the spent batteries. In this work, different types of acids (2 M citric (C 6 H 8 O 7 ), 1 M oxalic (C 2 H 2 O 4 ), 2 M sulfuric (H 2 SO 4 ), 4 M hydrochloric (HCl), and 1 M nitric (HNO 3 ) acid)) and reducing agents (hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) and ascorbic acid (C 6 H 8 O 6 )) were selected for investigating the recovery of valuable metals from waste LIBs. The crushed and sieved material contained on average 23% (w/w) cobalt, 3% (w/w) lithium, and 1-5% (w/w) nickel, copper, manganese, aluminum, and iron. Results indicated that mineral acids (4 M HCl and 2 M H 2 SO 4 with 1% (v/v) H 2 O 2 ) produced generally higher yields compared with organic acids, with a nearly complete dissolution of lithium, cobalt, and nickel at 25 • C with a slurry density of 5% (w/v). Further leaching experiments carried out with H 2 SO 4 media and different reducing agents with a slurry density of 10% (w/v) show that nearly all of the cobalt and lithium can be leached out in sulfuric acid (2 M) when using C 6 H 8 O 6 as a reducing agent (10% g/g scraps ) at 80 • C.

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Section: Leaching In Sulfuric Acid With Different Reducing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2017

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“…Shibata et al (2011Shibata et al ( , 2012) used a mechanochemical method to recover tungsten and cobalt from tungsten carbide tool wastes. Saeki et al (2004) and Zhang et al (2007) developed a process for metal recovery from alloy-wastes and LiCoO 2 powder via co-grinding with polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Compared with hydrometallurgical processes, these studies revealed that mechanochemical processes could not only obviously simplify metal leaching, but also avoid the generation of liquor waste in point of solid-solid reaction.…”

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

An environmental benign process for cobalt and lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries by mechanochemical approach

2016

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a b s t r a c tIn the current study, an environmental benign process namely mechanochemical approach was developed for cobalt and lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The main merit of the process was that neither corrosive acid nor strong oxidant was applied. In the proposed process, lithium cobalt oxide (obtained from spent LIBs) was firstly co-grinded with various additives in a hermetic ball milling system, then Co and Li could be easily recovered by a water leaching procedure. It was found that EDTA was the most suitable co-grinding reagent, and 98% of Co and 99% of Li were respectively recovered under optimum conditions: LiCoO 2 to EDTA mass ratio 1:4, milling time 4 h, rotary speed 600 r/min and ball-to-powder mass ratio 80:1, respectively. Mechanisms study implied that lone pair electrons provided by two nitrogen atoms and four hydroxyl oxygen atoms of EDTA could enter the empty orbit of Co and Li by solid-solid reaction, thus forming stable and water-soluble metal chelates Li-EDTA and Co-EDTA. Moreover, the separation of Co and Li could be achieved through a chemical precipitation approach. This study provides a high efficiency and environmentally friendly process for Co and Li recovery from spent LIBs.

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“…The two main problems are, actually, associated to the reactivity of the above-mentioned oxides with water leading to leaching of Li + ions as well as metal cations, and strong pH increase, in turns causing the corrosion of the aluminum current collector. [21][22][23][24] In this work we introduce a water-processable polyurethane/ carboxymethyl cellulose mixture as binder for oxide-based cathode electrodes, strongly reducing the above mentioned inconveniences. The binder is found to offer outstanding performance also for the manufacturing of anode (graphite-based) electrodes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Polyurethane Binder for Aqueous Processing of Li-Ion Battery Electrodes

Loeffler

Kopel²,

Kim

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this manuscript the investigation of the heat-curable polyurethane (PU)/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) mixture as binder for Li-ion battery electrodes is reported. The experimental results demonstrate the outstanding thermal and electrochemical stability of PU, as well as the good electrochemical performance of cathode (NMC) and anode (graphite) electrodes in which PU is used as binder. The most important finding is the ability of PU to prevent current collector corrosion usually occurring when an aqueous dispersion (slurry) of NMC is coated on aluminum foils. SEM investigation shows that PU encapsulates the positive active material particles preventing a pH raise in the slurry. Finally, the cycling performance of PU/CMC based anodes and cathodes are tested in half as well as full lithium-ion cell setups. The awareness of the finite nature of our earth´s natural resources as well as growing concerns for increased greenhouse gas emissions are leading to a strong demand for a more environmentally-friendly generation of energy. Considering the importance of sustainable energy solutions, strong efforts are made to develop improved systems for large and small scale energy storage.1,2 Currently, Li-ion batteries seem to be suitable energy storage devices to fulfil the requirements of small energy storage due to their high energy density and long lifetime.3 Additionally, their lightweight fulfils very well the rising demand for use in smartphones, computers and other portable devices, as well as for electromobility solutions, facilitating the development toward a modern mobile society.Lithium-ion batteries are composed of several materials including metals and metal oxides, graphite and other carbonaceous materials, organic solvents, lithium salts and polymers. These latter are present in the porous separator, laying in between the electrodes (usually a polyolefin), and as binding components in the composite electrodes. Binders are counted among the so-called inactive components since they do not directly contribute to the capacity of the cells. However, their key role in the electrode processing and their dramatic influence on the electrochemical performance of electrodes has been extensively outlined. [4][5][6] Relevant physical and chemical properties for binder materials are (i) thermal stability, chemical and electrochemical stabilities, (ii) tensile strength (strong adhesion and cohesion), (iii) flexibility, and (iv) viscosity (of the slurries). 4,[7][8][9] The main purpose of using a binder is to form stable networks of the solid electrode components, i.e., the active materials and conducting agents (cohesion). Moreover, the binder has to ensure a close contact of the composite electrode toward the current collector (adhesion).In state-of-the-art commercial Li-ion batteries polyvinylidene-difluoride (PVdF) is the binder material of choice due to its superior adhesion properties and electrochemical stability.10 Important points of criticism for this polymer, however, are the requirement of volatile and toxic so...

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Co-grinding LiCoO2 with PVC and water leaching of metal chlorides formed in ground product

Cited by 109 publications

References 6 publications

Leaching of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Leaching of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

An environmental benign process for cobalt and lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries by mechanochemical approach

Polyurethane Binder for Aqueous Processing of Li-Ion Battery Electrodes

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