“…Given these aspects, there is an essential necessity for the development of stable, cost-effective, durable and highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for sustainable overall water splitting. A variety of alternatives including, heteroatom-doped nanostructured carbon materials 14 and hybrid electrocatalysts based on transition metal oxides 15 /sulphides 16 /selenides 17 / phosphides, 18,19 supported by carbon materials were developed that demonstrated promising electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), 20 OER [21][22][23][24][25][26] and HER. [27][28][29] Interestingly, among transition metals, Co-, Ni-and Fe-based hybrid electrocatalysts such as CoSe, 30 NiCo 2 S 4 , 31 FeNiOH/ NF, 32 iron phosphide nanotubes (IPNTs), 33 Co-P, 34 cobalt-cobalt oxide/N-doped carbon hybrids (CoO x @CN), 35 porous Co phosphide/phosphate thin lms (PCPTFs) 36 and CoP NA/CC 37 were explored as bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.…”