Co-immobilization multienzyme nanoreactor with co-factor regeneration for conversion of CO2

Abstract

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Multi‐enzyme Cascade Reactions in Metal‐organic Frameworks

“…b, (i) Nanoreactors based on bi-enzyme cascade MOFs; (ii) The distribution of HRP (red) and GOx (green) in ECMN-2 observed by 3D-CLSM; (iii) The cascade reaction of ECMN-1 and ECMN-genase (FDH) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) into porous ZIF-8, a nanoscale multi-enzyme bioreactor was fabricated by Cui and co-workers. [51] A positively charged polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI) and FDH were first dissolved in the ZIF-8 precursors, then co-factor (NADH) (negative charge) was immobilized in ZIF-8 via ion exchange, and GDH was further encapsulated in the ZIF-8 to regenerate NADH, thereby the encapsulated FDH kept high activity during the cascade reaction. The experimental results displayed that nearly 50 % of the original FDH activity was recovered.…”

“…In addition, the multi-enzyme@ZIF-8 exhibited good reusability that approximately 50 % of original enzymatic activity was well remained even after reusing for eight cycles. [51] In addition, α-amylase and glucoamylase have also been co-encapsulated in ZIF-8 for synergistic hydrolysis of starch to generate glucose syrup in food industry. [71] α(1-4) glycosidic bond of starch was first hydrolyzed by α-amylase, then α(1-6) and α(1-4) glycosidic bonds was further hydrolyzed by glucoamylase to generate the non-reducing ends.…”

“…Nevertheless, the efficient conversion of CO 2 via re‐generation and reuse of enzyme co‐factors still remain as one of the critical challenges. In a recent work, by randomly co‐encapsulating glutamate dehydrogenases (GDH), co‐factor (NADH), formate dehydrogenase (FDH) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) into porous ZIF‐8, a nanoscale multi‐enzyme bioreactor was fabricated by Cui and co‐workers . A positively charged polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI) and FDH were first dissolved in the ZIF‐8 precursors, then co‐factor (NADH) (negative charge) was immobilized in ZIF‐8 via ion exchange, and GDH was further encapsulated in the ZIF‐8 to regenerate NADH, thereby the encapsulated FDH kept high activity during the cascade reaction.…”

“…Moreover, by integration of CA with ZIF‐8, the cascade reaction was greatly improved due to the elevated dissolution of CO 2 in solution, and up to 4.6‐fold higher formate conversion was yielded than free multi‐enzyme. In addition, the multi‐enzyme@ZIF‐8 exhibited good reusability that approximately 50 % of original enzymatic activity was well remained even after reusing for eight cycles …”

Recent Progress and Perspectives on Electrochemical Regeneration of Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH)

“…[9,26,32] Currently, efforts are being taken to immobilize enzymes within nanostructures for better stability and higher efficiency. [40][41][42] Chemical regeneration methods use inorganic salts as reducing agents to regenerate NADH. Sodium dithionite (Na 2 S 2 O 4 ) and sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) are the two most commonly used reducing agents.…”