Co-infection of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus and Francisella sp. in farmed pearl gentian grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ×♂E. lanceolatus) in China - A case report

Huang, Yucong; Cai, Shuanghu; Jian, Jichang; Liu, Guangfeng; Xu, Li‐Wen

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735409

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Coinfections in aquaculture are common, and there are multiple forms of coinfections [17,18]. For example, coinfections with the same type of pathogens include bacterial coinfections [19], viral coinfections [20], and parasitic coinfections [21]; coinfections with different types of pathogens include bacterial and viral [22]; parasitic and viral [23]; parasitic and bacterial [24]; and fungus and bacterial [25]. Coinfections of bacteria and multiple viruses in Chinese perch have been reported [10,13]; however, few parasitic coinfections and oomycete infections have been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmed Chinese Perch (Siniperca chuatsi) Coinfected with Parasites and Oomycete Pathogens

Xu,

Zhang,

Ding

et al. 2024

Fishes

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Farming Chinese perch in aquaculture systems with artificial diets is a new method and developing trend. This method of raising Chinese perch has led to outbreaks of new diseases. In 2022, a disease outbreak occurred among farmed Chinese perch fed an artificial diet in Jiangxi Province, China, during which 50% of the fish died. The clinical signs exhibited by the diseased Chinese perch included decreased physical vitality, anorexia, emaciation, and dorsal fin ulceration with white cysts and flocs. Coinfection with ciliate parasites and an oomycete was found. No pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the microbial test, and the viral detection results were negative. After morphological and 18S or 28S rDNA sequence clustering analysis, the parasites were identified as Epistylis wuhanensis and Zoothamnium sp., while the oomycete was identified as Achlya klebsiana. This article discusses the interaction between parasitic and oomycete coinfections in Chinese perch from the perspective of the characteristics of Chinese perch raised with an artificial diet. The relationships between parasites, oomycete, and fish were also briefly discussed. This is the first report of the coinfection of Chinese perch with Epistylis wuhanensis, Zoothamnium sp. and Achlya klebsiana.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmed Chinese Perch (Siniperca chuatsi) Coinfected with Parasites and Oomycete Pathogens

Xu,

Zhang,

Ding

et al. 2024

Fishes

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“…The scale bar represents the nucleotide substitution per site associated with mortality in farmed barramundi (Dong et al, 2017), bluegill sunfish (Liu et al, 2019), Epinepheleus spp. (Sah Putra et al, 2020), mandarin fish (He et al, 2000), Murray cod (Go et al, 2006), pearl giant grouper (Huang et al, 2020) and ornamental fish species (Jung-Schroers et al, 2016;Tanaka et al, 2014 ). Therefore, ISKNV is considered as an emerging pathogen in both marine and freshwater aquaculture in many countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus in Nile tilapia in Brazil

Figueiredo

Tavares

Dorella

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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In June 2020, an atypical fatal outbreak in a Brazilian Nile tilapia farm was investigated. Twenty-three animals were collected and different tissues were used for bacterial isolation, histopathological and electron microscopic examination and viral detection using molecular methods. A large number of megalocytes were observed in the histopathological analysis of several tissues. Icosahedral virions, with a diameter of approximately 160 nm, were visualized inside the megalocytes through transmission electron microscopy of the spleen tissue. The virions were confirmed to be infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) through PCR and sequencing analyses of the fish samples. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the virus belongs to the Clade 1 of ISKNV. This viral pathogen is associated with high mortality in the early stages of cultured Nile tilapia in the United States, Thailand and Ghana; however, until now, there have been no reports from ISKNV affecting cultured fish in Brazil. Additionally, in 14 out of 23 sampled fish, Streptococcus agalactiae, Edwardsiella tarda or Aeromonas hydrophila infections were also detected. This is the first report of fatal ISKNV infections in the Brazilian Nile tilapia fish farms and represents a new challenge to the aquaculture sector in the country.

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“…It is also possible that co-infection with other pathogens, such as F. orientalis , may have masked the presence of this virus in other populations of fish. Co-infections between megalocytiviruses and other pathogens have been reported [ 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, Identification and Characterization of a Novel Megalocytivirus from Cultured Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) from Southern California, USA

Shahin

Subramaniam

Camus

et al. 2021

Animals

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In spring 2019, diseased four-month-old tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) from an aquaculture farm in Southern California, USA were received for diagnostic evaluation with signs of lethargy, anorexia, abnormal swimming, and low-level mortalities. At necropsy, non-specific external lesions were noted including fin erosion, cutaneous melanosis, gill pallor, and coelomic distension. Internal changes included ascites, hepatomegaly, renomegaly, splenomegaly, and multifocal yellow-white nodules in the spleen and kidney. Cultures of spleen and kidney produced bacterial colonies identified as Francisella orientalis. Homogenized samples of gill, brain, liver, spleen, and kidney inoculated onto Mozambique tilapia brain cells (OmB) developed cytopathic effects, characterized by rounding of cells and detaching from the monolayer 6–10 days post-inoculation at 25 °C. Transmission electron microscopy revealed 115.4 ± 5.8 nm icosahedral virions with dense central cores in the cytoplasm of OmB cells. A consensus PCR, targeting the DNA polymerase gene of large double-stranded DNA viruses, performed on cell culture supernatant yielded a sequence consistent with an iridovirus. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated full length major capsid protein and DNA polymerase gene sequences supported the tilapia virus as a novel species within the genus Megalocytivirus, most closely related to scale drop disease virus and European chub iridovirus. An intracoelomic injection challenge in Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fingerlings resulted in 39% mortality after 16 days. Histopathology revealed necrosis of head kidney and splenic hematopoietic tissues.

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Co-infection of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus and Francisella sp. in farmed pearl gentian grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ×♂E. lanceolatus) in China - A case report

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Farmed Chinese Perch (Siniperca chuatsi) Coinfected with Parasites and Oomycete Pathogens

Farmed Chinese Perch (Siniperca chuatsi) Coinfected with Parasites and Oomycete Pathogens

First report of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus in Nile tilapia in Brazil

Isolation, Identification and Characterization of a Novel Megalocytivirus from Cultured Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) from Southern California, USA

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