Co-Infection with Anaplasma Species and Novel Genetic Variants Detected in Cattle and Goats in the Republic of Korea

Miranda, Evelyn Alejandra; Han, Sun-Woo; Cho, Yoon-Kyong; Choi, Kwang Shik; Chae, Joon‐Seok

doi:10.3390/pathogens10010028

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Currently, A. phagocytophilum, A. capra, and E. chaffeensis have been recognized as causative agents of human infection. Mixedinfection of tick-borne pathogens has also been observed in animals in other countries and regions (1,30,34,53). Above all, co-infection of tick-borne pathogens emphasizes the need for differential diagnosis of these pathogens in animal hosts and humans to improve the prevention and control of TBDs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Four Anaplasma Species With Veterinary and Public Health Significance Identified in Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) and Yaks (Bos grunniens) in Qinghai, China

et al. 2021

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Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) can cause serious economic losses and are very important to animal and public health. To date, research on TBDs has been limited in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. This epidemiological investigation was conducted to evaluate the distribution and risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia chaffeensis in livestock in Qinghai. A total of 566 blood samples, including 330 yaks (Bos grunniens) and 236 Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) were screened. Results showed that A. bovis (33.3%, 110/330) and A. phagocytophilum (29.4%, 97/330) were most prevalent in yaks, followed by A. ovis (1.2%, 4/330), A. capra (0.6%, 2/330), and E. chaffeensis (0.6%, 2/330). While A. ovis (80.9%, 191/236) and A. bovis (5.1%, 12/236) infection was identified in Tibetan sheep. To our knowledge, it is the first time that A. capra and E. chaffeensis have been detected in yaks in China. Apart from that, we also found that co-infection of A. bovis and A. phagocytophilum is common in yaks (28.2%, 93/330). For triple co-infection, two yaks were infected with A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum, and A. capra, and two yaks were infected with A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum, and E. chaffeensis. Risk analysis shows that infection with A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum, and A. ovis was related to region and altitude. This study provides new data on the prevalence of Anaplasma spp. and E. chaffeensis in Qinghai, China, which may help to develop new strategies for active responding to these pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Four Anaplasma Species With Veterinary and Public Health Significance Identified in Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) and Yaks (Bos grunniens) in Qinghai, China

et al. 2021

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“…Interestingly, a different pattern of Anaplasma infections has been observed in China, where in addition to A. phagocytophilum , dogs have also been infected by A. ovis , A. bovis [ 21 ], and A. capra [ 22 ] species. Hence, continued epidemiological surveillance of these pathogens in the ROK is recommended because different genetic variants of zoonotic A. capra have recently been identified in Korean cattle [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi and Ehrlichia canis in dogs from the Republic of Korea by rapid diagnostic test kits

et al. 2022

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Background Emergent and re-emergent canine tick-borne infections are attracting increasing attention worldwide. The rise in pet ownership and the close relationship between dogs and their owners are the most concerning factors because dogs may act as competent reservoirs for human tick-transmitted infectious agents. Objectives This study contributes to the epidemiological surveillance of canine tick-transmitted infections with zoonotic risk in the Republic of Korea (ROK) by investigating the seroprevalence of the pathogens, Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi , and Ehrlichia canis . Methods Four hundred and thirty whole blood samples from domestic dogs were collected in seven metropolitan cities and nine provinces in the ROK and tested using SensPERT Ab test kits (VetAll Laboratories®) to detect seroreactive animals. Results The seroprevalence rates identified were 9.8% (42/430) for Anaplasma spp., 2.8% (12/430) for B. burgdorferi , and 1.4% (6/430) for E. canis . The risk factors evaluated in this study that could be associated with the development of a humoral immune response, such as sex, age, and history of tick exposure, were similar. There was only one exception for dogs seroreactive to Anaplasma spp., where the risk factor “tick exposure” was statistically significant ( p = 0.047). Conclusions This serological survey exhibited the widespread presence of Anaplasma spp., B. burgdorferi , and E. canis throughout the ROK. Hence, dogs may play a key role as the sentinel animals of multiple zoonotic infectious agents in the country.

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“…Moreover, to confirm the presence of multiple Anaplasma spp. in each sample, four different nested PCRs targeting the rrs gene of A. phagocytophilum, A. platys, A. centrale, and A. bovis were conducted for each sample, as previously described (Miranda et al, 2021). The same primer pairs were shared in the first round, and speciesspecific primer pairs were used in the second round (Table 1).…”

Section: Pcr Amplification and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same primer pairs were shared in the first round, and speciesspecific primer pairs were used in the second round (Table 1). In addition, the major surface protein 4 (msp4) gene was amplified to detect the presence of A. ovis, th and the groEL gene was amplified to distinguish A. centrale and A. marginale, as previously described with some modifications in primers (Table 1) (Byaruhanga et al, 2018;Miranda et al, 2021). In each PCR experiment, sterile distilled water and corresponding pathogen DNA samples were used as negative and positive control templates, respectively.…”

Section: Pcr Amplification and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Co-infection of different Anaplasma spp. in domestic animals has been reported in several studies (Liu et al, 2012;Koh et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2020;Miranda et al, 2021), while there is a lack of information regarding Anaplasma co-infection/coexistence in their vector ticks and wild hedgehogs. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and co-existence of various Anaplasma spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-existence of Multiple Anaplasma Species and Variants in Ticks Feeding on Hedgehogs or Cattle Poses Potential Threats of Anaplasmosis to Humans and Livestock in Eastern China

Zhu

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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BackgroundAnaplasma spp., causative agents of anaplasmosis, pose significant a threat to public health and economic losses in livestock farming. Co-infections/co-existence of various Anaplasma spp. may facilitate pathogen interactions and the emergence of novel variants, represent potential dangers to public health and economic losses from livestock farming, and raise challenges of detection and diagnosis. The information regarding co-infection/co-existence of Anaplasma in their vector ticks and wild animals is limited and needs urgent investigation.MethodsWild hedgehogs and ticks from hedgehogs and cattle were collected from Jiangsu province, Eastern China, and DNA was extracted from hedgehog organs and tick homogenates. Various genera of species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or nested PCR amplifications targeting 16S ribosomal RNA (rrs), msp4, or groEL gene coupled with sequencing were conducted to identify Anaplasma spp.ResultsAnaplasma phagocytophilum (1, 0.6%), A. marginale (2, 1.2%), A. platys variants xyn10pt-1 (13, 7.7%), xyn21pt-2 (3, 1.8%), and xyn3pt-3 (3, 1.8%), A. bovis variant cwp72bo-1 (12, 7.1%), and a novel Candidatus Cryptoplasma sp. (1, 0.6%) were identified in 168 Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks from cattle. A. platys variant xyn10pt-1 (20, 11.4%) and A. bovis variants cwp72bo-1 (12, 6.9%) and cwp55-36bo-2 (1, 0.6%) were detected in 173 H. flava ticks from hedgehogs. However, only A. bovis variant cwp72bo-1 (15, 46.7%) was identified in 32 Erinaceus amurensis hedgehogs. Various co-existence combinations were found only in ticks.ConclusionThe co-existence of various Anaplasma spp. and variants in H. flava and H. longicornis was detected for the first time in the world. The high infection rate of A. bovis in hedgehogs and its moderate infection rate in their parasitic ticks suggest that Er. amurensis hedgehog could be an important reservoir of A. bovis, rather than A. platys. Horizontal transmission of Anaplasma spp. may exist among different tick species via their shared hosts in the investigated area. This study provided epidemiological data that could be crucial for strategy development for early warning, prevention, and control of potential Anaplasma infections.

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Co-Infection with Anaplasma Species and Novel Genetic Variants Detected in Cattle and Goats in the Republic of Korea

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Four Anaplasma Species With Veterinary and Public Health Significance Identified in Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) and Yaks (Bos grunniens) in Qinghai, China

Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Four Anaplasma Species With Veterinary and Public Health Significance Identified in Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) and Yaks (Bos grunniens) in Qinghai, China

Serological evidence of Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi and Ehrlichia canis in dogs from the Republic of Korea by rapid diagnostic test kits

Co-existence of Multiple Anaplasma Species and Variants in Ticks Feeding on Hedgehogs or Cattle Poses Potential Threats of Anaplasmosis to Humans and Livestock in Eastern China

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