Co-infection with Campylobacter and rotavirus in less than 5 year old children with acute gastroenteritis in Nepal during 2017–2018

Bhattarai, Vishnu; Sharma, Saroj; Rijal, Komal Raj; Banjara, Megha Raj

doi:10.1186/s12887-020-1966-9

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Campylobacter infection in children less than five years old with acute gastroenteritis in Kathmandu during 2017-2018 was reported ( Table 2 ) ( Bhattarai et al., 2020 ). Among the 303 children participating, more than half (56.8%, 172/303) were infected with Campylobacter , of which 26.7% were Campylobacter mono-infection, and 30% were co-infected with rotavirus.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the 303 children participating, more than half (56.8%, 172/303) were infected with Campylobacter , of which 26.7% were Campylobacter mono-infection, and 30% were co-infected with rotavirus. Children less than six months were found to have an increased risk of Campylobacter mono-infection as compared to other age groups ( Bhattarai et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and the impact of COVID-19

Liu

Lee

Xue

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Campylobacteriosis is a gastroenteritis caused by pathogenic Campylobacter species and an important topic in public health. Here we review the global epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in the last eight years between 2014-2021, providing comprehensive and updated information on the reported incidence and outbreaks of Campylobacter infections. The government public health website of each of the 195 countries and publications from 2014 to September 2022 in public databases were searched. The reported incidence of campylobacteriosis in pre-COVID-19 years was compared to that during the COVID-19 pandemic in countries where data were available. Czech Republic had the highest reported incidence of campylobacteriosis worldwide (215 per 100,000 in 2019), followed by Australia (146.8 per 100,000 in 2016) and New Zealand (126.1 per 100,000 in 2019). Campylobacter was one of the most common human enteric pathogens in both developed and developing countries. About 90% of cases of campylobacteriosis were caused by Campylobacter jejuni, whereas less than 10% of cases were caused by Campylobacter coli. Other Campylobacter species were also isolated. The reported incidence and case numbers of campylobacteriosis in developed nations have remained steadily high prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, whilst some countries reported an increasing trend such as France and Japan. While outbreaks were more frequently reported in some countries, Campylobacter infections were mainly sporadic cases in most of the developed countries. Campylobacter infection was more common in summer in some but not all countries. Campylobacter infection was more common in males than females. The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the reported incidence of campylobacteriosis in most countries where 2020 epidemiology data were available. In conclusion, Campylobacter infection remains a global health concern. Increased research and improved strategies are needed for prevention and reduction of Campylobacter infection.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Global epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and the impact of COVID-19

Liu

Lee

Xue

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Gastrointestinal infections can be caused by a variety of pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Possible causative pathogens include rotavirus (RV) A, norovirus (NoV) GI and GII, adenovirus, Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) [2,9]. Co-infections of these pathogens frequently cause more severe consequences than single-pathogen infection [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial and Viral Co-Infection in the Intestine: Competition Scenario and Their Effect on Host Immunity

Lian

Liu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Bacteria and viruses are both important pathogens causing intestinal infections, and studies on their pathogenic mechanisms tend to focus on one pathogen alone. However, bacterial and viral co-infections occur frequently in clinical settings, and infection by one pathogen can affect the severity of infection by another pathogen, either directly or indirectly. The presence of synergistic or antagonistic effects of two pathogens in co-infection can affect disease progression to varying degrees. The triad of bacterial–viral–gut interactions involves multiple aspects of inflammatory and immune signaling, neuroimmunity, nutritional immunity, and the gut microbiome. In this review, we discussed the different scenarios triggered by different orders of bacterial and viral infections in the gut and summarized the possible mechanisms of synergy or antagonism involved in their co-infection. We also explored the regulatory mechanisms of bacterial–viral co-infection at the host intestinal immune interface from multiple perspectives.

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“…in 2007. 30 A high prevalence of nalidixic acid and fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter has been well documented in studies from Nepal 31 and Thailand. 32 Azithromycin has been recommended as an alternative antimicrobial regimen for the treatment of multidrug-resistant and quinolone-resistant Salmonella typhi and other Salmonella infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of Acute Diarrheal Disease and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in Children Younger Than 5 Years Old in Nepal

Shrestha

Mason

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Diarrhea is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among children younger than 5 years in developing countries. Children from 3 to 60 months of age were recruited from two hospitals in Nepal— Bharatpur Hospital, Bharatpur, and Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu—in 2006 to 2009. Stool specimens collected from 1,200 children with acute diarrhea (cases) and 1,200 children without diarrhea (control subjects) were examined for a broad range of enteropathogens by standard microbiology, including microscopy, enzyme immunoassay for viral pathogens (adenovirus, astrovirus, and rotavirus) and protozoa (Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba histolytica), as well as by using reverse transcription real-time polymerase for norovirus. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Overall, rotavirus (22% versus 2%), norovirus (13% versus 7%), adenovirus (3% versus 0%), Shigella (6% versus 1%), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (8% versus 4%), Vibrio (7% versus 0%), and Aeromonas (9% versus 3%) were identified significantly more frequently in cases than control subjects. Campylobacter, Plesiomonas, Salmonella, and diarrheagenic E. coli (enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive, enteroaggregative) were identified in similar proportions in diarrheal and non-diarrheal stools. Campylobacter was resistant to second-generation quinolone drugs (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin), whereas Vibrio and Shigella were resistant to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. This study documents the important role of rotavirus and norovirus in acute diarrhea in children younger than 5 years, followed by the bacteria Shigella, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Vibrio cholera, and Aeromonas. Data on the prevalence and epidemiology of enteropathogens identify potential pathogens for public health interventions, whereas pathogen antibiotic resistance pattern data may provide guidance on choice of therapy in clinical settings.

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Co-infection with Campylobacter and rotavirus in less than 5 year old children with acute gastroenteritis in Nepal during 2017–2018

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Global epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and the impact of COVID-19

Global epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and the impact of COVID-19

Bacterial and Viral Co-Infection in the Intestine: Competition Scenario and Their Effect on Host Immunity

Etiology of Acute Diarrheal Disease and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in Children Younger Than 5 Years Old in Nepal

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