Co-liquefaction properties of Shenfu coal and rice straw

Overview of Obtaining Alternative Fuels in The Coliquefaction Processes with Biomass and Coal in Malaysia

“…Since the content of both nitrogen and sulfur are low in biomass materials, the formation of NOx and SOx gases during combustion or firing the biomass materials is also low. The carbon dioxide released during combustion is equal to the amount of carbon dioxide intake when the plants grow up and this means produce almost no net carbon dioxide emission after combustion [1,3,4]. It is therefore today that biomass is considered a major future energy source for development and industry, arousing growing interest worldwide, not only for use in transport.…”

“…Because of the increased demands and limited reserves of petroleum, the concern of energy security has made the direct coal liquefaction (DCL) become important in producing alternative transportation fuels. DCL is a technology to convert coal directly into transportation fuels and chemicals, which is conducted at high temperatures and pressures in the presence of solvents [1]. However, because DCL is usually conducted under severe reaction conditions with higher hydrogen consumption, it makes the cost of oil from DCL difficult to compete with that from crude oil, and thus the development of DCL is limited for large-scale applications [25].…”

“…Thus, the unstable free radical fragments which are formed during pyrolysis of coal and biomass will be stabilized by active hydrogen contributed from biomass to form hydrogenation/lowermolecular-weight products. Researchers anticipated that there is a synergistic effect (synergy is two or more things functioning together to produce a result not independently obtainable) in the co-thermolysis process, and the yield of solid products from co-thermolysis is different from the arithmetic calculated value [1].…”

“…Thus, these abundant biomass sources are potential candidates for the production of alternative fuels via co-liquefaction process, and the development of this technology becomes significant in both efficient utilization of resources and improvement of ecological environment. Owing to the fact that energy composition properties are rich in coal, poor in oil and little in gas [1], coal liquefaction to produce alternative petroleum in Malaysia is of great significance to energy security. Malaysian low-rank coals are chosen as the starting material in this study due to the fact that these coals are abundant, low grade and have lower energy content because of their low carbon composition.…”

Co-liquefaction of rubber seed and low rank coal: effect of weight ratio and temperature

“…The increase in conversion mainly contributed to the increase in oil and gas. This means that in the co-liquefaction process of RS and MB blends, RS is beneficial for promoting the formation of oil, because it can act as hydrogendonors to prevent the retrogressive reactions [10]. …”