Co-located contemporaneous mapping of morphological, hydrological, chemical, and biological conditions in a 5th-order mountain stream network, Oregon, USA

Ward, Adam S.; Zarnetske, Jay P.; Baranov, Viktor; Blaen, Phillip J.; Brekenfeld, Nicolai; Chu, Rosalie K.; Derelle, Romain; Drummond, Jennifer; Fleckenstein, Jan H.; Garayburu‐Caruso, Vanessa; Graham, Emily B.; Hannah, David M.; Harman, C. J.; Herzog, Skuyler; Hixson, Jase; Knapp, Julia L. A.; Krause, Stefan; Kurz, Marie J.; Lewandowski, Jörg; Li, Angang; Martı́, Eugènia; Miller, Melinda; Milner, Alexander M.; Neil, Kerry; Orsini, Luisa; Packman, Aaron I.; Plont, Stephen; Renteria, Lupita; Roche, Kevin; Royer, Todd V.; Schmadel, N. M.; Segura, Catalina; Stegen, James C.; Toyoda, Jason; Wells, Jacqueline; Wisnoski, Nathan I.; Wondzell, Steven M.

doi:10.5194/essd-11-1567-2019

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…First, it is possible that the redox conditions along these flowpaths do not favor the Raz-to-Rru conversion, which is primarily sensitive to aerobic and facultative anaerobic conditions [73]. However, we found bulk oxic conditions in the hyporheic water [114]. While anoxic microsites may exist, they are not likely to be abundant in the coarse streambed substrate of the site [119].…”

Section: Older Storage Is Not As Metabolically Active As Younger Storagementioning

confidence: 76%

“…The SAS parameters and underflow discharge (Q U ) are each linked to the observed channel discharge by the relationships: [113,114]. Model likelihoods were estimated by comparing the log likelihood of each parameter set to observed conservative transport of Ura through the study reach, assuming a Gaussian error (σ error ).…”

Section: Storage Selection Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test for diurnal fluctuations in solute concentrations that might be associated with fluctuations in discharge, we collected samples from the stream channel just above the tracer injection site every 2 h for 34 h, from 10:00, 3 Aug 2016 to 14:00, 4 Aug 2016, contemporaneously with the third solute tracer injection. All sample collection, preservation, and analyses follow the methods described by Ward et al [114]. Briefly, aliquots were filtered on-site for nutrient and major ion analysis using a 0.45 µm PES filter and for carbon analysis using a 0.2 µm cellulose acetate filter into 60 mL HDPE bottles.…”

Section: In-stream Biogeochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solute Transport and Transformation in an Intermittent, Headwater Mountain Stream with Diurnal Discharge Fluctuations

Ward

Kurz

Schmadel

et al. 2019

Water

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P.J.B.); J.Drummond@bham.ac.uk (J.D.D.); D.M.HANNAH@bham.ac.uk (D.M.H.); S.Krause@bham.ac.uk (S.K.); a.m.milner@bham.ac.uk (A.M.)Abstract: Time-variable discharge is known to control both transport and transformation of solutes in the river corridor. Still, few studies consider the interactions of transport and transformation together. Here, we consider how diurnal discharge fluctuations in an intermittent, headwater stream control reach-scale solute transport and transformation as measured with conservative and reactive tracers during a period of no precipitation. One common conceptual model is that extended contact times with hyporheic zones during low discharge conditions allows for increased transformation of reactive solutes. Instead, we found tracer timescales within the reach were related to discharge, described by a single discharge-variable StorAge Selection function. We found that Resazurin to Resorufin (Raz-to-Rru) transformation is static in time, and apparent differences in reactive tracer were due to interactions with different ages of storage, not with time-variable reactivity. Overall we found reactivity was highest in youngest storage locations, with minimal Raz-to-Rru conversion in waters older than about 20 h of storage in our study reach. Therefore, not all storage in the study reach has the same potential biogeochemical function and increasing residence time of solute storage does not necessarily increase reaction potential of that solute, contrary to prevailing expectations.

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Section: Older Storage Is Not As Metabolically Active As Younger Storagementioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Storage Selection Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In-stream Biogeochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solute Transport and Transformation in an Intermittent, Headwater Mountain Stream with Diurnal Discharge Fluctuations

Ward

Kurz

Schmadel

et al. 2019

Water

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“…Thus, there is a need for large studies bringing together different disciplines and research groups to simultaneously investigate various hypotheses. Examples of such efforts are the joint experiments of the project HypoTRAIN [161] and the field campaigns of the project, "Where Rivers, Groundwater, and Disciplines Meet: A Hyporheic Research Network", funded by the Leverhulme Trust [49,208].…”

Section: System Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Hyporheic Zone Relevant beyond the Scientific Community?

Lewandowski

Arnon

Banks

et al. 2019

Water

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137

102

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Rivers are important ecosystems under continuous anthropogenic stresses. The hyporheic zone is a ubiquitous, reactive interface between the main channel and its surrounding sediments along the river network. We elaborate on the main physical, biological, and biogeochemical drivers and processes within the hyporheic zone that have been studied by multiple scientific disciplines for almost half a century. These previous efforts have shown that the hyporheic zone is a modulator for most metabolic stream processes and serves as a refuge and habitat for a diverse range of aquatic organisms. It also exerts a major control on river water quality by increasing the contact time with reactive environments, which in turn results in retention and transformation of nutrients, trace organic compounds, fine suspended particles, and microplastics, among others. The paper showcases the critical importance of hyporheic zones, both from a scientific and an applied perspective, and their role in ecosystem services to answer the question of the manuscript title. It identifies major research gaps in our understanding of hyporheic processes. In conclusion, we highlight the potential of hyporheic restoration to efficiently manage and reactivate ecosystem functions and services in river corridors.

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“…For example, increases in discharge can flood pool-riffle sequences (e.g., Storey et al, 2003;Church and Zimmerman, 2007) or activate secondary channels (e.g., Ward et al, 2016). Exchange-discharge relationships during steady flow conditions have been examined in many studies with repeated studies over time at a single site resulting in both positive and negative correlations between river corridor exchange and discharge , though one classic expectation is decreased exchange with increased discharge due to compression of hyporheic flow paths by toward-stream hydraulic gradients (e.g., Hakenkamp et al, 1993;Hynes, 1983;Palmer, 1993;Vervier et al, 1992;White et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variation in river corridor exchange across a 5th-order mountain stream network

Ward

Wondzell

Schmadel

et al. 2019

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Although most field and modeling studies of river corridor exchange have been conducted at scales ranging from tens to hundreds of meters, results of these studies are used to predict their ecological and hydrological influences at the scale of river networks. Further complicating prediction, exchanges are expected to vary with hydrologic forcing and the local geomorphic setting. While we desire predictive power, we lack a complete spatiotemporal relationship relating discharge to the variation in geologic setting and hydrologic forcing that is expected across a river basin. Indeed, the conceptual model of Wondzell (2011) predicts systematic variation in river corridor exchange as a function of (1) variation in baseflow over time at a fixed location, (2) variation in discharge with location in the river network, and (3) local geomorphic setting. To test this conceptual model we conducted more than 60 solute tracer studies including a synoptic campaign in the 5th-order river network of the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (Oregon, USA) and replicate-in-time experiments in four watersheds. We interpret the data using a series of metrics describing river corridor exchange and solute transport, testing for consistent direction and magnitude of relationships relating these metrics to discharge and local geomorphic setting. We confirmed systematic decrease in river corridor exchange space through the river networks, from headwaters to the larger main stem. However, we did not find systematic variation with changes in discharge through time or with local geomorphic setting. While interpretation of our results is complicated by problems with the analytical methods, the results are sufficiently robust for us to conclude that space-for-time and time-for-space substitutions are not appropriate in our study system. Finally, we suggest two strategies that will improve the interpretability of tracer test results and help the hyporheic community develop robust datasets that will enable comparisons across multiple sites and/or discharge conditions.

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Co-located contemporaneous mapping of morphological, hydrological, chemical, and biological conditions in a 5th-order mountain stream network, Oregon, USA

Cited by 15 publications

References 70 publications

Solute Transport and Transformation in an Intermittent, Headwater Mountain Stream with Diurnal Discharge Fluctuations

Solute Transport and Transformation in an Intermittent, Headwater Mountain Stream with Diurnal Discharge Fluctuations

Is the Hyporheic Zone Relevant beyond the Scientific Community?

Spatial and temporal variation in river corridor exchange across a 5th-order mountain stream network

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