Co nanoparticles supported on mixed magnesium–lanthanum oxides: effect of calcium and barium addition on ammonia synthesis catalyst performance

Ronduda, Hubert; Zybert, Magdalena; Patkowski, Wojciech; Moszyński, Dariusz; Albrecht, Aleksander; Sobczak, Kamil; Małolepszy, Artur; Raróg‐Pilecka, Wioletta

doi:10.1039/d3ra00133d

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The deviation from stoichiometry was also supported by the gravimetric isolated yield based on the formula weight of Fe 3 O 4 (Fw: 231.53), which frequently exceeded 100%, as summarized in Table S1. The XPS analysis of the near-surface region 71 indicates that the surfaces of the obtained Fe 3 O 4 were almost ferric (Figures 4a and S13), and this would rationalize the fact that meta-stable Fe 3 O 4 rather than the most stable oxide α-Fe 2 O 3 was dominantly obtained after the solid-state reaction. That is, after the completion of Fe 3 O 4 formation as described in eq 4, an additional near-surface reaction can take place to give an inert Fe 2 O 3 outer-sphere phase as confirmed by XPS (Figures 4a, S13, and S14).…”

Section: Characterization Of Obtained Oxides Xrd (Figuresmentioning

confidence: 90%

Solid-State Schikorr Reaction from Ferrous Chloride to Magnetite with Hydrogen Evolution as the Kinetic Bottleneck

Yamamoto,

Takamura,

Kokubo

et al. 2023

Inorg. Chem.

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Section: Characterization Of Obtained Oxides Xrd (Figuresmentioning

confidence: 90%

Solid-State Schikorr Reaction from Ferrous Chloride to Magnetite with Hydrogen Evolution as the Kinetic Bottleneck

Yamamoto,

Takamura,

Kokubo

et al. 2023

Inorg. Chem.

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“…Energies 2023, 16, x FOR PEER REVIEW 9 of 16 promote effective electron donation from the promoter to the active phase, ensuring its efficient catalytic performance during long-term operation [44]. The morphology does not change after overheating the catalysts in H 2 flow at 600 • C for 96 h (Figure 3d-f).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Catalyst Properties During Stability Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After overheating the catalysts in H 2 flow at 600 • C for 96 h, the distribution of the catalyst components remains rather unchanged (Figures 4b, 5b and 6b). This favorable element distribution may promote effective electron donation from the promoter to the active phase, ensuring its efficient catalytic performance during long-term operation [44].…”

Section: Evaluation Of Catalyst Properties During Stability Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability Studies of Highly Active Cobalt Catalyst for the Ammonia Synthesis Process

Zybert,

Ronduda,

Patkowski

et al. 2023

Energies

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Ammonia is currently considered a promising compound for the chemical storage of hydrogen and as an energy carrier. However, large-scale ammonia production is not possible without an active and stable catalyst enabling efficient, long-term work without the need for its replacement. In this paper, the extended stability studies of the highly active promoted cobalt catalyst for ammonia synthesis were carried out. The long-term activity measurements in NH3 synthesis reaction under conditions close to the industrial ones (400–470 °C, 6.3 MPa, H2/N2 = 3) were compiled with the characterization of catalyst properties on different stages of its work using N2 physisorption, XRPD, STEM-EDX, and H2-TPD. The accelerated aging method was used to simulate the deterioration of catalyst performance during industrial operation. Textural and structural characteristics revealed that the tested catalyst is highly resistant to high temperatures. The lack of significant changes in the specific surface area, morphology of the catalyst particles, surface distribution of elements, and chemisorption properties of cobalt surface during long-term heating (436 h) at 600 °C suggests that stable operation of the catalyst is possible in an ammonia synthesis reactor in the temperature range of 400–470 °C without the risk of losing its beneficial catalytic properties over time. The decline in catalyst activity during the long-term stability test was less than 10%.

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“…Broad research on cobalt catalysts deposited on mixed magnesium-lanthanide oxides was conducted by Ronduda et al [136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144]. They demonstrated that using mixed supports results in very active catalysts, similar to ruthenium-based systems [96][97][98][99].…”

Section: Cobalt-based Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lanthanide Oxides in Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts: A Comprehensive Review

Patkowski,

Zybert,

Ronduda

et al. 2023

Catalysts

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The production of ammonia through the Haber–Bosch process is a large-scale catalytic industrial endeavour with substantial energy consumption. A key area of energy optimisation for this process involves efforts to ease the synthesis reaction conditions, particularly by reducing the operating pressure. To achieve this goal, new catalysts are designed to function effectively at lower pressures and temperatures. In recent years, reports in the literature concerning including lanthanide oxides in the catalysts’ composition have started appearing more frequently. This review article offers a concise overview of the pivotal role that lanthanide oxides play in the field of ammonia synthesis catalysts. The paper delves into the diverse utilisation of lanthanide oxides, emphasising their role in catalytic systems. The review explores recent advances in the design of catalysts incorporating lanthanide oxides as promoters or support materials, highlighting their impact on enhancing catalyst stability, activity, and operation. Three main groups of catalysts are discussed, where iron, ruthenium, and cobalt constitute the active phase. Insights from recent research efforts are synthesised to provide a comprehensive perspective on the application prospects of lanthanide oxides in ammonia synthesis catalysts.

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Co nanoparticles supported on mixed magnesium–lanthanum oxides: effect of calcium and barium addition on ammonia synthesis catalyst performance

Abstract: Ca- and Ba-doped Co/MgO–La2O3 ammonia synthesis catalysts: the location, state and effect of dopants on catalyst properties.

Cited by 7 publications

References 65 publications

Solid-State Schikorr Reaction from Ferrous Chloride to Magnetite with Hydrogen Evolution as the Kinetic Bottleneck

Solid-State Schikorr Reaction from Ferrous Chloride to Magnetite with Hydrogen Evolution as the Kinetic Bottleneck

Stability Studies of Highly Active Cobalt Catalyst for the Ammonia Synthesis Process

Lanthanide Oxides in Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts: A Comprehensive Review

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