Co‐occurrence characteristics of antibiotics and estrogens and their relationships in a lake system affected by wastewater

Abstract

Antibiotics and estrogens are recognized as emerging contaminants in the water environment because of their potentially adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. The concentrations of four steroid estrogens (17α-estradiol, 17βestradiol, estrone, and estriol) and eight antibiotics (norfloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, metronidazole, sulfapyridine, doxycycline, and sulfamethoxazole) in the Chaohu Lake basin in Anhui province, China, were analyzed along with adjacent wastewater. The levels of the target antibiotics and estrogens were below detection limits (not detected [nd])-89.86 and nd-118.09 ng L −1 , respectively, in the lake water. All of the target antibiotics and estrogens were detected in sediment, and the concentrations ranged widely (nd-35,544 and nd-16,344 ng kg −1 , respectively). Antibiotics and estrogens varied spatially in the study area and mostly came from untreated wastewater. Antibiotics and estrogens were associated with water parameters such as pH and total nitrogen. A significant positive correlation was observed between estriol and levofloxacin concentrations (r = .65; p < .01), indicating that levofloxacin from the same source might have inhibited the microbiological degradation of estriol in the surface water. Overall, the estrogens pose a more severe risk than antibiotics to the Chaohu Lake system. However, co-occurrence of antibiotics may affect the fate of estrogens in the same lake media. More attention should be given to estrogens than to antibiotics in wastewater-affected lake systems.

Detection of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Tap Water Samples by Direct Injection HPLC/MS-MS: A Danger Signal in Deficiency in Residue Management

“…The results obtained from the analysis of tap water samples are shown in Table 4, as can be seen, the occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in tap water samples was from 69 -81% in overall samples, except for cefotaxime, cefuroxime, ampicillin were below the LODs, and trimethoprim was not detected in the samples. These ndings represent an alarm signal for the co-occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds indicating that the management network distribution of tap water has been not adequate for the elimination of this type of pollutants, in addition to the risk assessment that has been previously reported [15,[20][21][22][23]. The pharmaceutical compounds detected at higher concentrations were amoxicillin and cipro oxacin in ranges of 2 -147 µg/L and 22 -44 µg/L, respectively.…”

“…Therefore, this analytical method requires a short analysis time (< 2.2 min), reduced use of solvents for extraction of target compounds, an easy step pre-treatment water sample procedure, and the capacity for the detection of co-occurrence of antibiotics and endocrine disruptors in tap water samples, two of the most studied pharmaceutical active compounds and recognized as emerging pollutants associated with potentially adverse effects on the aquatic environment [4,14,15].…”

“…This investigation includes the development of a direct injection-HPLC/MS-MS multianalyte method for the determination of 16 different pharmaceutical compounds in the tap water from 22 sites of the metropolitan area of Guadalajara. The selected pharmaceutical compounds have been considered recalcitrant compounds and previously detected in diverse aqueous compartments of the world [11][12][13][14], being moreover recent interest in the co-presence of antibiotics, hormones, oncologic, and personal care products in water samples study [15] due to a high environmental risk and the evidence of inadequate treatment of wastewater. The ndings of this research work could be a precedent for the use of preliminary methods in the determination of pharmaceutical compounds in water samples; therefore, facilitates the development of framework regulatory and establishes safe levels of these compounds increasing the standards for quality tap water and decreasing the signi cant human health and environmental risks.…”

Occurrence, Bioaccumulation, Metabolism and Ecotoxicity of Fluoroquinolones in the Aquatic Environment: A Review

“… a: The comprehensive contamination status of FQs in surface water can be found in Table S2 [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , …”

“…Table S1: Physicochemical properties of selected FQs [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]; Table S2. Minimum, maximum, mean, and median concentrations of representative FQs detected in different surface water [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , …”