Co-occurrence of Anaerobes in Human Chronic Wounds

Choi, Yongwook; Banerjee, Anirban; McNish, Sean; Couch, Kara; Torralba, Manolito; Sk, Lucas; Tovchigrechko, Andrey; Madupu, Ramana; Yooseph, Shibu; Nelson, Karen E.; Shanmugam, Victoria K.; Chan, Agnes P.

doi:10.1007/s00248-018-1231-z

Cited by 50 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In some cases, culture-independent analyses identified anaerobes as the most abundant OTUs identified in a given sample. This has been noted in previous studies that identified the presence of 16S genes from anaerobes in chronic wounds (37). It should be noted that identification of anaerobes from a sample using 16S rRNA-encoding gene sequence analysis does not indicate the presence of viable organisms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Evaluation of Bacteria Detected in Both Urine and Open Wounds in Nursing Facility Residents

Libertucci

Bassis

Cassone

et al. 2019

Preprint

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39 40 Nursing home residents are at a greater risk of developing pressure injuries that develop 41 into an open wound. Open wounds can be colonized with bacteria from multiple sources. 42 Emerging evidence suggests the specific composition of the open wound microbial community 43 can result in delayed wound healing and increased infection risk. Understanding the factors that 44 influence microbial colonization of open wounds, can lead to the prevention of infections. The 45 relationship between bacteria found in urine and that of open wounds, is currently unknown. 46 Recent studies have shown that nursing home residents can harbor a urinary microbiota 47 using both culture dependent and independent techniques. Bacterial species that were more often 55 detected at both sites included Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, and 56 Providencia stuartii. This pilot study provides evidence that urinary colonization can mirror 57 open wound colonization. Further studies are needed to investigate if parallel colonization of 58 these anatomical sites affect infection outcomes. 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Evaluation of Bacteria Detected in Both Urine and Open Wounds in Nursing Facility Residents

Libertucci

Bassis

Cassone

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…PubMed results on functional characteristics converged on clusters defined by agnostic network analysis. [44][45][46] Many, but not all species of Porphyromonas, Prevotella, and Corynebacterium are pathogens.…”

Section: Functional Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Per literature, these opportunist pathogens are often harmless, but can grow and cause infections if the immune system is compromised or if they penetrate sterile sites through, for example, compromised membanes. [44][45][46] The exciting question is whether these are Braak's pathogens capable of triggering PD, or they are irrelevant to PD but are able to penetrate the gut and grow because the gut lining is compromised in PD. We re-emphasize that no claims can be made on function based solely on association.…”

Section: Opportunistic Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical specimen from chronic wounds, infections and inflammations are often polymicrobial. [44][45][46] Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Corynebacterium and other members of cluster 1 are often observed together in these polymicrobial infections. [44][45][46] With the newly acquired knowledge on the potential biological significance of cluster 1, we questioned if this polymicrobial group as a whole may be relevant to PD.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterizing dysbiosis of gut microbiome in PD: Evidence for overabundance of opportunistic pathogens

Wallen

Appah

Dean

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In Parkinson's disease (PD), gastrointestinal features are common and often precede the motor signs. Braak and colleagues proposed that PD may start in the gut, triggered by a pathogen, and spread to the brain. Numerous studies have examined the gut microbiome in PD, all found it to be altered, but found inconsistent results on associated microorganisms. Studies to date have been small (N=20 to 306) and are difficult to compare or combine due to varied methodology. We conducted a microbiome-wide association study (MWAS) with two large datasets for internal replication (N=333 and 507). We used uniform methodology when possible, interrogated confounders, and applied two statistical tests for concordance, followed by correlation network analysis to infer interactions. Fifteen genera were associated with PD at a microbiome-wide significance level, in both datasets, with both methods, with or without covariate adjustment. The associations were not independent, rather represented 3 clusters of co-occurring microorganisms. Cluster 1 was composed of opportunistic pathogens; all were elevated in PD. Cluster 2 were short-chain-fatty-acid producing bacteria; all were reduced in PD.Cluster 3 were carbohydrate-metabolizing probiotics; elevated in PD. Depletion of antiinflammatory short-chain-fatty-acid producing bacteria and elevated levels of probiotics are confirmatory. Overabundance of opportunistic pathogens is a novel finding and their identity provides a lead to experimentally test their role in PD. animal models. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Every study that has compared the global composition of the gut microbiome in PD vs. controls found it to be significantly altered; in contrast, attempts to identify PD-associated microorganisms have produced inconsistent results. 31,32 Low reproducibility has been attributed to small sample sizes (missing true associations due to low power), relaxed statistical thresholds (inflating false positive results), and publishing without a replication dataset (required for genomic studies). Differences in methods of DNA extraction, sequencing, bioinformatics and statistics can all contribute to inter-study variations. The choice of taxonomic resolution for analysis (PD has been tested at all levels from phylum to species) and the inconsistent taxonomic assignments and nomenclature used in various reference databases add to the confusion when comparing results. Last but not least, is confounding by heterogeneity in the populations that were studied: PD is heterogenous and so is the microbiome. PD subtypes cannot be readily identified thus patient populations are inevitably varied. A myriad of factors can affect the microbiome ranging from diet, health and medication to cultural habits, life-styles, race and geography. 33,34 Identifying microorganisms involved in the dysbiosis of the microbiome is essential for understanding their role in disease. We conducted a hypothesis-free microbiome-wide association study (MWAS) modeled after and usi...

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“…Analogously, human chronic wounds exhibit altered bacterial diversity compared to healthy intact skin . Chronic wounds typically have increased relative abundance of Staphylococcus aureus and anaerobes, particularly the facultative anaerobe Pseudomonas aeruginosa , as well as other commensals . There is some variation between studies regarding the abundance of species found; however, these differences may be due to anatomic variations in microbial composition within wound beds and across the body, as well as differences in temporality along the wound healing stage .…”

Section: Parallel Mechanisms Between Gut‐brain‐axis and Skin‐brain Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome‐skin‐brain axis: A novel paradigm for cutaneous wounds

Hadian

Fregoso

Nguyen

et al. 2020

Wound Repair Regeneration

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Chronic wounds cause a significant burden on society financially, medically, and psychologically. Unfortunately, patients with nonhealing wounds often suffer from comorbidities that further compound their disability. Given the high rate of depressive symptoms experienced by patients with chronic wounds, further studies are needed to investigate the potentially linked pathophysiological changes in wounds and depression in order to improve patient care. The English literature on wound healing, inflammatory and microbial changes in chronic wounds and depression, and antiinflammatory and probiotic therapy was reviewed on PubMed. Chronic wound conditions and depression were demonstrated to share common pathologic features of dysregulated inflammation and altered microbiome, indicating a possible relationship. Furthermore, alternative treatment strategies such as immune-targeted and probiotic therapy showed promising potential by addressing both pathophysiological pathways. However, many existing studies are limited to a small study population, a cross-sectional design that does not establish temporality, or a wide range of confounding variables in the context of a highly complex and multifactorial disease process. Therefore, additional preclinical studies in suitable wound models, as well as larger clinical cohort studies and trials are necessary to elucidate the relationship between wound microbiome, healing, and depression, and ultimately guide the most effective therapeutic and management plan for chronic wound patients.

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Co-occurrence of Anaerobes in Human Chronic Wounds

Cited by 50 publications

References 40 publications

Evaluation of Bacteria Detected in Both Urine and Open Wounds in Nursing Facility Residents

Evaluation of Bacteria Detected in Both Urine and Open Wounds in Nursing Facility Residents

Characterizing dysbiosis of gut microbiome in PD: Evidence for overabundance of opportunistic pathogens

Microbiome‐skin‐brain axis: A novel paradigm for cutaneous wounds

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