Co-occurrence of communication disorder and psychiatric disorders in maltreated children and adolescents: relationship with global functioning

Abstract

Objective: To study the co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders (PD) and communication disorders (CD) and their relationship with global functioning in maltreated children and adolescents. Methods: The sample comprised 143 maltreated children and adolescents (55.8% male). All underwent clinical communication and psychiatric evaluations, as well as global functioning assessment using the Children's Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS). Results: Four groups emerged from evaluation: Group 1 (n=7, 4.9%) did not exhibit any disorders; Group 2 (n=26, 18.2%) exhibited PD; Group 3 (n=34, 23.8%) exhibited CD; and Group 4 (n=76, 53.1%) exhibited both PD and CD on evaluation. Significant differences in global functioning scores were found between G1 and G2, G1 and G4, G2 and G4, and G3 and G4, with the highest C-GAS scores found in G1 and the lowest in G4. Conclusion: Rates of PD and CD are high in this maltreated population. The presence of PD has a major impact on C-GAS score, and the simultaneous presence of CD increases the already impaired function of PD. Demonstration of the additive effects of PD and CD on youth functioning suggests that professionals should be alert to the presence of both disorders to better act preventively and therapeutically in a high-risk population.

The long-term impact of early adverse experience on adaptive functioning: a pilot study integrating measures of mental status, nonverbal communication, and heart rate variability

“…Building on the description of human nonverbal communication (Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1989 ; Jakobs et al, 1999 ; Schmidt & Cohn, 2001 ), clinical studies during interviews have applied the ethological method (Ethological Coding System for Interviews, ECSI; Troisi, 1999 ) to investigate social dysfunctions in psychiatric disorders, diagnostic classification, and prediction of the treatment outcome (Geerts et al, 1996 ; McGuire & Polsky, 1979 ; Schelde, 1998 ; Schelde et al, 1988 ; Troisi, 1999 ; Troisi et al, 1989 ; Troisi et al, 1991 ; Troisi et al, 1998 ; Troisi et al, 2007 ). In light of the well-established literature describing that individuals subjected to child maltreatment have interpersonal and social communication problems (for a systematic review see: Hyter, 2021 ; Stacks et al, 2011 ; Stivanin et al, 2016 ), it is possible to hypothesize the presence of an alteration in non-verbal behaviour belonging to the area of social communication (e.g. submission [i.e.…”