Co‐occurrence of depression and anxiety in elderly subjects aged 90 years and its relationship with functional status, quality of life and mortality

Weele, Gerda M van der; Gussekloo, Jacobijn; Waal, Margot W. M. de; Craen, Anton J. M. de; Mast, Roos C. van der

doi:10.1002/gps.2162

Cited by 71 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The differences between the depressed patients and the patients with dementia and psychosis are in line with the results of earlier studies [1,4,24]. The high total GAI score in depressed patients gives further support to the hypothesis of anxiety as a core feature of depression or the possibility of a mixed diagnosis of anxiety and depression in older patients [2]. Furthermore, the present findings indicate that anxiety among depressed patients is phenomenologically different from anxiety among patients with dementia or psychosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…A high score on the GAI was associated with severity of depression, female gender, and the use of antipsychotic and anxiolytic drugs. A study including patients over 90 years of age reported similar results, and the authors suggested that anxiety could be part of the symptomatology of a depressive disorder in old age [2]. These findings are supported by several studies that have reported anxiety symptoms to be common in patients with depressive disorders - or the opposite, i.e., symptoms of depression to be common in patients with anxiety disorders [3,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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Symptoms of Anxiety in Older Adults with Depression, Dementia, or Psychosis: A Principal Component Analysis of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory

Bendixen

Hartberg²,

Selbæk³

et al. 2016

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Aims: The primary aim of this study was to examine anxiety symptoms as measured by the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) in older patients with depression, dementia, or psychotic disorders. The secondary aim was to conduct a principal component analysis (PCA) of the GAI and to examine whether its subscales differ between the 3 disorders. Methods: We included data from 428 patients who were admitted to a department of geriatric psychiatry and examined according to a standardized protocol. The GAI was used to measure current anxiety symptoms. Results: The GAI symptoms occurred more frequently in the group with depression than in the other 2 groups. The PCA of the GAI with oblimin rotation resulted in a 2-component solution, labelled as “worries” (explained variance 46.3%, Cronbach's α 0.92) and “physical symptoms” (explained variance 7.1%, Cronbach's α 0.85). Conclusion: The results indicate that in old age, anxiety is especially prevalent in depression. The 2-component solution indicates that the GAI measures 2 different aspects of anxiety with different symptomatology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Symptoms of Anxiety in Older Adults with Depression, Dementia, or Psychosis: A Principal Component Analysis of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory

Bendixen

Hartberg²,

Selbæk³

et al. 2016

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…In all, 45 studies reported that they excluded individuals with cognitive impairment or a diagnosis of dementia, of which 30 were cross-sectional studies (58.8%) [11,12,17,19,24,30,31,32,33,37,58,59,60,62,63,64,65,66,69,72,73,75,76,77,78,88,89,90,91,92] and 15 were longitudinal studies (68.2%) [2,3,4,8,10,18,20,21,25,26,34,45,46,48,49]. Cognitive function was equally assessed in clinical studies (n = 11) and in community-based studies (n = 12).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cognitive function was equally assessed in clinical studies (n = 11) and in community-based studies (n = 12). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used in 23 studies [2,8,10,12,17,19,20,25,26,31,32,33,37,48,58,62,66,69,73,78,88,89,90] for exclusion purposes. To exclude participants, the cutoff score for the MMSE varied considerably between the studies, i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Known risk factors for depression are female gender [1,13], older age [14,15], poorer coping abilities [16], physical morbidity [2,4,9,17,18,19,20,21,22], impaired level of functioning [2,5,6,9,13,18,23,24,25,26,27,28,29], reduced cognition [2,3,8,20,30,31,32,33,34,35], and bereavement [13,36]. Depression has been associated with an increased risk of mortality [2,37], and poorer outcome of treatment of physical disorders [4,10]. In addition, depression may influence quality of life (QOL) negatively [38,39,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depression and Quality of Life in Older Persons: A Review

Sivertsen

Bjørkløf²,

Engedal³

et al. 2015

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

9,490

277

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Background: Depression is a prevalent and disabling condition in older persons (≥60 years) that increases the risk of mortality and negatively influences quality of life (QOL). The relationship between depression, or depressive symptoms, and QOL has been increasingly addressed by research in recent years, but a review that can contribute to a better understanding of this relationship in older persons is lacking. Against this background, we undertook a literature review to assess the relationship between depression and QOL in older persons. Summary: Extensive electronic database searches revealed 953 studies. Of these, 74 studies fulfilled our criteria for inclusion, of which 52 were cross-sectional studies and 22 were longitudinal studies. Thirty-five studies were conducted in a clinical setting, while 39 were community-based epidemiological studies. A clear definition of the QOL concept was described in 25 studies, and 24 different assessment instruments were employed to assess QOL. Depressed older persons had poorer global and generic health-related QOL than nondepressed individuals. An increase in depression severity was associated with a poorer global and generic health-related QOL. The associations appeared to be stable over time and independent of how QOL was assessed. Key Messages: This review found a significant association between severity of depression and poorer QOL in older persons, and the association was found to be stable over time, regardless which assessment instruments for QOL were applied. The lack of a definition of the multidimensional and multilevel concept QOL was common, and the large variety of QOL instruments in various studies make a direct comparison between the studies difficult.

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Abuse and other factors related to depression in older Ecuadorian adults

Sánchez,

Serrano‐Dueñas,

Panta

et al. 2024

Aging Medicine

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ObjectiveTo identify abuse and other risk factors associated with depression in older Ecuadorian adults using data from the 2012 Ecuador's Survey of Health, Welfare, and Aging (SABE).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study analyzed data from the 2012 SABE survey, which included 5235 adults aged 60 and above. The study evaluated residence, education level, ethnic self‐identification, self‐perceived health and memory, loneliness, cognitive status, and abuse. Depression was assessed using the Yesavage Depression Scale, short version (YDS‐SV). Categorical variables were analyzed with the Chi‐square test, differences between groups were calculated with the Kruskal–Wallis test, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed. A p‐value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe mean age was 71.39 ± 8.59 years and 55.10% of the sample were women. Abuse was absent in 72.1% (3.773) of the population. The Chi‐square test indicated significant associations between depression and poor self‐reported health (P = 0.000) and indigenous ethnicity (P = 0.000). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age (P < 0.001), abuse (p < 0.001), cognitive status (P = 0.002), and living alone (P = 0.034) significantly contributed to mood as assessed by the YDS‐SV. No statistically significant association was found for perceived health status or place of residence (urban or rural).ConclusionsRisk factors associated with depression in older Ecuadorian adults include advanced age, living alone, cognitive decline, poor self‐perception of health and cognition, and abuse.

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Co‐occurrence of depression and anxiety in elderly subjects aged 90 years and its relationship with functional status, quality of life and mortality

Abstract: Among individuals aged 90 years, depression and anxiety and their co-occurrence are highly prevalent. Anxiety does not add to poor functional status and increased mortality beyond that associated with depression, and is probably part of the phenomenology of depression in old age.

Cited by 71 publications

References 21 publications

Symptoms of Anxiety in Older Adults with Depression, Dementia, or Psychosis: A Principal Component Analysis of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory

Symptoms of Anxiety in Older Adults with Depression, Dementia, or Psychosis: A Principal Component Analysis of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory

Depression and Quality of Life in Older Persons: A Review

Abuse and other factors related to depression in older Ecuadorian adults

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