Co-occurrence of fumonisins with aflatoxins in home-stored maize for human consumption in rural villages of Tanzania

Kimanya, Martin; Meulenaer, Bruno De; Tiisekwa, B.; Ndomondo-Sigonda, Margareth; Devlieghere, Frank; Camp, John Van; Kolsteren, Patrick

doi:10.1080/02652030802112601

Cited by 147 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These findings are higher than those reported by Kimanya et al [7] who found that 30% of maize users surveyed in Tabora, Kilamanjaro and Irringa, Tanzania consumed non-dehulled maize. Dehulling is a milling technique that removes the outer layers of grain by abrasion.…”

Section: Maize Consumption Patternscontrasting

confidence: 72%

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Maize Storage and Consumption Practices of Farmers in Handeni District, Tanzania: Corollaries for Mycotoxin Contamination

Shabani¹,

Kimanya²,

Gichuhi³

et al. 2015

OJPM

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In Tanzania, maize is the main complementary food for infants and primary school children. Dietary exposure to mycotoxins through complementary foods by Tanzanian infants is of concern. The maize storage and consumption practices of farmers in Handeni District, Tanzania and their implications for mycotoxin contamination of maize flour were investigated. A convenient sample of 60 farmers in Seza Kofi and Kwabojo villages in Mgambo and Ndolwa wards were surveyed. The majority of farmers (95%) stored their maize in the house using the roofing and sack methods. Most farmers (67%) did not visually or mechanically sort defective maize kernels before storage. In both villages, the most important storage problems reported by the farmers were rodents and insects. Forty two percent of the farmers surveyed indicated that they consumed dehulled maize, while 35 and 12% consumed non-dehulled and mixed (dehulled and non-dehulled), respectively. The preponderance of storage practices described was unfavorable to mycotoxin reduction in stored maize. It is therefore recommended that appropriate, area-specific farmer training regarding recommended storage practices including storage methods, effective management of storage pests and healthy maize preparation and consumption practices be conducted. Additionally, further research on maize storage and consumption practices for Tanzania is needed.

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Section: Maize Consumption Patternscontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…This is in contrast with Kimanya et al [7] who found that a high 90% of maize users in Tabora, Kilamanjaro and Irringa, Tanzania sorted their maize before use. Most mycotoxin contaminations occur on relatively few seeds, so separating damaged and discolored grains (sorting) can reduce toxin loads in stored maize [3] [8].…”

Section: Maize Sorting Characteristicscontrasting

confidence: 68%

Maize Storage and Consumption Practices of Farmers in Handeni District, Tanzania: Corollaries for Mycotoxin Contamination

Shabani¹,

Kimanya²,

Gichuhi³

et al. 2015

OJPM

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“…Kenya, like most of the African countries, maize (Zea mays, L), is one of the most important cereal, both as food and animal feed [1][2][3]. On average, 400 g of maize is consumed per day showing the levels high demand for this cereal in every home [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Aspergillus flavus and occurrence of aflatoxin contamination in stored maize across three agro-ecological zones in Kenya

et al. 2018

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Background: Aflatoxin contamination at pre-and post-harvest poses a serious challenge in achieving sustainable development goals on food security and food safety, in particular within the developing world. In Kenya, major outbreaks of aflatoxicoses have been reported and attributed to poor post-harvest storage practices. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional survey within three Agro-ecological zones in Kenya, to determine occurrence and distribution of total aflatoxin in stored maize and the aflatoxigenicity potential of Aspergillus flavus in stored maize. The counties selected were: Kitui, Nakuru and Trans-Nzoia. Sampling sites were selected based on previous aflatoxicoses outbreaks (Kitui) and major maize production areas (Nakuru and Trans-Nzoia) where little information exists on the occurrence of aflatoxin contamination. One hundred and thirty (130) kernel maize samples were randomly collected. Aspergillus flavus was isolated by direct plating technique. Genetic diversity of the isolates was determined by PCR and single sequence repeats (SSR) microsatellites analysis. Positive strains were induced to produce B 1 aflatoxins on yeast extract sucrose agar and quantified using competitive ELISA technique. Results:Total aflatoxin contamination of post-harvest stored maize samples between sites was significantly different (p = 0.000, < 0.05), with the highest contamination in Kitale at a mean of (9.68 µg/kg). A. flavus was isolated in 70% (N = 91) of the maize samples collected at post-harvest. A. flavus isolates with the highest aflatoxigenicity potential were from Nakuru County with mean aflatoxin level at 239.7 µg/kg. Genetic distance based on neighbor joining (NJ) clustered the A. flavus isolates into five main clusters including one clade with an admixture. Principal coordinate analysis showed five distinct clusters with both axes explaining 60.17% of the variance. Conclusion:This study showed widespread distribution of aflatoxin contamination and a highly toxigenic A. flavus in stored maize in three major agro-ecological zones in Kenya. These results suggest a potential health risk of aflatoxin outbreaks under favorable conditions within these areas, thus calling for more investigations.

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“…En Afrique orientale, l'exposition à l'aflatoxine est directement corrélée à la consommation journalière de maïs (Kimanya et al, 2008). Depuis 2009, des études relatives à la contamination par l'aflatoxine du maïs ont été menées dans différentes régions du Kenya.…”

Section: L'ampleur De La Contaminationunclassified

“…En Afrique orientale, l'exposition à l'aflatoxine est directement corrélée à la consommation journalière de maïs (Kimanya et al, 2008). Une étude menée par Gong et al (2003) au Bénin et au Togo a révélé la présence d'aflatoxine dans le sang des enfants de 1 à 3 ans dont l'alimentation est à base de céréales locales.…”

Section: Les Consequences De La Contaminationunclassified

Contamination des céréales par l’aflatoxine en Afrique : revue des méthodes de lutte existantes

Diémé¹,

Fall²,

Sarr³

et al. 2017

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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RESUME Les aflatoxines sont des toxines produites principalement par les moisissures du genre Aspergillus (Aspergillus flavus et Aspergillus parasiticus).Les molécules les plus abondantes de la famille des aflatoxines sont l'AFB1, l'AFB2, l'AFG1 et l'AFG2. C'est dans les pays africains, d'Asie du Sud et d'Amérique du Sud, où le climat est chaud et humide, que la contamination des céréales par l'aflatoxine est plus fréquente. Dans la plus part des pays africains, près de la moitié de la production céréalière a une teneur en aflatoxine supérieure aux standards internationaux. L'estimation de la quantité d'aflatoxine dans le maïs en 2016 a donné des intervalles de [1,06-852,2ppm] au Sénégal, de [8,0-1081ppm] en Tanzanie, avec un taux d'échantillons dépassant la limite maximale qui varie entre 2-85% de 622 échantillons. Au niveau africain la contamination des céréales par cette toxine a des conséquences économiques, alimentaires et surtout sanitaires. Pour lutter contre la présence de l'aflatoxine dans des céréales en Afrique des méthodes chimiques, physiques et biologiques sont employées, bien qu'elles soient limitées. © 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mot clés : Aflatoxine, Contamination, Céréale, Lutte, Prévalence, Afrique. African crops contamination by aflatoxin: review of existing methods of control ABSTRACTAflatoxins are toxins produced mainly by Aspergillus (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus). The most abundant molecules of aflatoxins family are AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2. It is in African countries, South Asia and South America, where the climate is hot and humid, that contamination of crops with aflatoxin is more common. In most African countries, nearly half of crops production has higher aflatoxin content compared to international standards. The estimate of the quantity of aflatoxin in crops on the year 2016 E. DIEME et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 10(5): 2285-2299, 2016 2286 has yielded intervals [1. 06-852.2ppb] in Senegal, [8.0-1081ppb] in Tanzania, with a sample rate exceeding the maximum limit that varies between 2-85% of 622 samples. The level of grain aflatoxin contamination in Africa has economic and food consequences; and especially impact the human health. To fight against the contamination of Africa crops by aflatoxin, physical, chemical and biological methods are employed with obvious limits.

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Co-occurrence of fumonisins with aflatoxins in home-stored maize for human consumption in rural villages of Tanzania

Cited by 147 publications

References 25 publications

Maize Storage and Consumption Practices of Farmers in Handeni District, Tanzania: Corollaries for Mycotoxin Contamination

Maize Storage and Consumption Practices of Farmers in Handeni District, Tanzania: Corollaries for Mycotoxin Contamination

Genetic diversity of Aspergillus flavus and occurrence of aflatoxin contamination in stored maize across three agro-ecological zones in Kenya

Contamination des céréales par l’aflatoxine en Afrique : revue des méthodes de lutte existantes

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