Co-occurrence of mcr-2 and mcr-3 genes on chromosome of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from healthy individuals in Thailand

Phuadraksa, Thanawat; Wichit, Sineewanlaya; Arikit, Siwaret; Songtawee, Napat; Yainoy, Sakda

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106662

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Similar results were also obtained with other Inc-type plasmids carrying mcr. Although it is known that the same Inc-types of mcr-plasmids carried by different strains are similar [53,54], this is the first report confirming this result among strains collected across countries. This suggests that mcr-carrying plasmids, such as the mcr-IncI2 plasmid, are spreading across communities and even countries while transferring among different phylogenetic host bacteria.…”

Section: Mcr-carrying Plasmidsupporting

confidence: 61%

Comparative genome analysis of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli harboring mcr isolated from rural community residents in Ecuador and Vietnam

Thanh Hoang,

Yamamoto,

Calvopina

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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The spread of colistin-resistant bacteria among rural community residents of low- and middle-income countries is a major threat to community health. Although the mechanism of the spread of colistin-resistant bacteria in communities is unknown, geographic and regional characteristics may influence it. To elucidate the spread mechanism of colistin-resistant bacteria, we analyzed the genomes of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from Vietnam and Ecuador residents, which are geographically and socially different. Stool specimens of 139 and 98 healthy residents from Ecuador and Vietnam rural communities, respectively, were analyzed for colistin-resistant E. coli with mcr. Its prevalence in the residents of all the communities assessed was high and approximately equal in both countries: 71.8% in Ecuador and 69.4% in Vietnam. A phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the sequence type of colistin-resistant E. coli was diverse and the major sequence types were different between the two countries. The location of mcr in the isolates showed that the proportion of chromosomal mcr was 35.1% and 8.5% in the Vietnam and Ecuador isolates, respectively. Most of these chromosomal mcr genes (75%–76%) had an intact mcr-transposon Tn6330. Contrastingly, the replicon types of the mcr-carrying-plasmids were diverse in both countries, but almost all belonged to IncI2 in Ecuador and IncX1/X4 in Vietnam. Approximately 26%–45% of these mcr-plasmids had other resistance genes, which also varied between countries. These results suggest that although the overall profile of the colistin-resistant E. coli isolates is diverse in these countries, the phylogenesis of the isolates and mcr-carrying plasmids has regional characteristics. Although the contributing factors are not clear, it is obvious that the overall profile of colistin-resistant bacteria dissemination varies between countries. Such different epidemic patterns are important for establishing country-specific countermeasures against colistin-resistant bacteria.

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Section: Mcr-carrying Plasmidsupporting

confidence: 61%

Comparative genome analysis of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli harboring mcr isolated from rural community residents in Ecuador and Vietnam

Thanh Hoang,

Yamamoto,

Calvopina

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…The low frequency of mcr-2-IncP-like plasmids in our strain collection suggests that this plasmid type has rarely spread yet. However, only 9 of 39 studies mentioned in Supplementary Table 6 explored the genomic location of mcr-2 and characterized the plasmids in more detail (Xavier et al, 2016;AbuOun et al, 2017;Poirel et al, 2017;Garcia-Graells et al, 2018;Stosic et al, 2021;Tartor et al, 2021;Timmermans et al, 2021;Trongjit and Chuanchuen, 2021;Phuadraksa et al, 2022). Thus, occurrence of IncP-like plasmids carrying the mcr-2 gene may be underestimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 colistin resistance genes in porcine Escherichia coli isolates (2010–2020) and genomic characterization of mcr-2-positive E. coli

et al. 2022

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IntroductionThe global emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance is threatening the efficacy of colistin as one of the last treatment options against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. To date, ten mcr-genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) were reported. While mcr-1 has disseminated globally, the occurrence of mcr-2 was reported scarcely.Methods and resultsWe determined the occurrence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes among Escherichia coli isolates from swine and performed detailed genomic characterization of mcr-2-positive strains. In the years 2010-2017, 7,614 porcine E. coli isolates were obtained from fecal swine samples in Europe and isolates carrying at least one of the virulence associated genes predicting Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) or enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) were stored. 793 (10.4%) of these isolates carried the mcr-1 gene. Of 1,477 additional E. coli isolates obtained from sheep blood agar containing 4 mg/L colistin between 2018 and 2020, 36 (2.4%) isolates were mcr-1-positive. In contrast to mcr-1, the mcr-2 gene occurred at a very low frequency (0.13%) among the overall 9,091 isolates. Most mcr-2-positive isolates originated from Belgium (n = 9), one from Spain and two from Germany. They were obtained from six different farms and revealed multilocus sequence types ST10, ST29, ST93, ST100, ST3057 and ST5786. While the originally described mcr-2.1 was predominant, we also detected a new mcr-2 variant in two isolates from Belgium, which was termed mcr-2.8. MCR-2 isolates were mostly classified as ETEC or ETEC-like, while one isolate from Spain represented an atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC; eae+). The ST29-aEPEC isolate carried mcr-2 on the chromosome. Another eight isolates carried their mcr-2 gene on IncX4 plasmids that resembled the pKP37-BE MCR-2 plasmid originally described in Belgium in 2015. Three ST100 E. coli isolates from a single farm in Belgium carried the mcr-2.1 gene on a 47-kb self-transmissible IncP type plasmid of a new IncP-1 clade.DiscussionThis is the first report of mcr-2 genes in E. coli isolates from Germany. The detection of a new mcr-2 allele and a novel plasmid backbone suggests the presence of so far undetected mcr-2 variants and mobilizable vehicles.

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“…Most of these alleles were found to associate with farmed animals, especially pig and poultry (Mmatli et al, 2022). Beside animals, prevalence of mcr-1 in human patients and co-occurrence of mcr -2 and mcr -3 on chromosome of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from a healthy subject were recently reported by our group (Eiamphungporn et al, 2018;Phuadraksa et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mcr-3.5 gene in Citrobacter amalonaticus and Citrobacter sedlakii isolated from healthy individual in Thailand

Phuadraksa

Wichit

Songtawee

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Citrobacter spp. are Gram-negative bacteria commonly found in environments and intestinal tracts of humans and animals. They are generally susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems and colistin. However, several antibiotic resistant genes have been increasingly reported in Citrobacter spp., which leads to the postulation that Citrobacter spp. could potentially be a reservoir for spreading of antimicrobial resistant genes. In this study, we characterized two colistin-resistant Citrobacter spp. isolated from the feces of a healthy individual in Thailand. Based on MALDI-TOF and ribosomal multilocus sequence typing, both strains were identified as Citrobacter sedlakii and Citrobacter amalonaticus. Genomic analysis and S1-nuclease pulsed field gel electrophoresis/DNA hybridization revealed that Citrobacter sedlakii and Citrobacter amalonaticus harbored mcr-3.5 gene on pSY_CS01 and pSY_CA01 plasmids, respectively. Both plasmids belonged to IncFII(pCoo) replicon type, contained the same genetic context (Tn3-IS1-ΔTnAs2-mcr-3.5-dgkA-IS91) and exhibited high transferring frequencies ranging from 1.03×10-4 - 4.6×10-4 CFU/recipient cell Escherichia coli J53. Colistin-MICs of transconjugants increased ≥ 16-fold suggesting that mcr-3.5 on these plasmids can be expressed in other species. However, beside mcr, other major antimicrobial resistant determinants in multidrug resistant Enterobacterales were not found in these two isolates. These findings indicate that mcr gene continued to evolve in the absence of antibiotics selective pressure. Our results also support the hypothesis that Citrobacter could be a reservoir for spreading of antimicrobial resistant genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that discovered human-derived Citrobacter spp. that harbored mcr but no other major antimicrobial resistant determinants. Also, this is the first report that described the presence of mcr gene in C. sedlakii and mcr-3 in C. amalonaticus.

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Co-occurrence of mcr-2 and mcr-3 genes on chromosome of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from healthy individuals in Thailand

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Comparative genome analysis of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli harboring mcr isolated from rural community residents in Ecuador and Vietnam

Comparative genome analysis of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli harboring mcr isolated from rural community residents in Ecuador and Vietnam

Occurrence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 colistin resistance genes in porcine Escherichia coli isolates (2010–2020) and genomic characterization of mcr-2-positive E. coli

Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mcr-3.5 gene in Citrobacter amalonaticus and Citrobacter sedlakii isolated from healthy individual in Thailand

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